Annual report

Period2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31
Filed2022-06-27
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥9.2bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥7.6bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥8.5bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥9.2bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥9.3bn2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥237m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥197m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥302m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥281m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥216m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥298m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥344m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥414m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥283m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥281m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥188m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥185m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥613m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥493m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥281m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥188m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥10.4bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥10.0bnat 2021-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥9.7bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥10.3bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥9.5bnat 2018-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥4.2bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥4.0bnat 2021-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥6.2bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥6.0bnat 2021-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥5.7bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥5.7bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥5.2bnat 2018-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥1.1bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥1.8bnat 2021-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥1.1bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥1.8bnat 2021-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥1.4bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥1.7bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥1.1bnat 2018-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥352m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥632m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥250m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥14m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥110m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow¥28m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥86m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥335m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow¥412m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow¥60m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥348m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥224m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥152m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥142m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥442m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥245.462021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥164.822020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥161.972019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥537.242018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥431.982017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥5,386.13at 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥5,210.66at 2021-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥4,977.05at 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥4,953.52at 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥4,529.77at 2018-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio59.2%at 2022-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio59.7%at 2021-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio58.8%at 2020-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio54.9%at 2019-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio54.5%at 2018-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE4.6%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.2%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.3%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE11.3%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE10.0%2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees231at 2022-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees227at 2021-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees240at 2020-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees259at 2019-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees238at 2018-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥8.1bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥7.0bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥7.7bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥8.4bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥8.5bn2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥71m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥167m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥153m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥244m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥231m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥279m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥262m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥265m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥246m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥175m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥167m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥176m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥616m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥446m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥9.5bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥9.3bnat 2021-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥9.1bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥9.7bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥9.2bnat 2018-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥3.5bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥3.3bnat 2021-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥6.1bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥5.9bnat 2021-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥5.7bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥5.7bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥5.2bnat 2018-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥835mat 2022-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥1.5bnat 2021-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥152.422021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥145.82020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥154.392019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥539.032018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥390.422017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥602021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥502020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥502019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥602018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥502017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥5,299.56at 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥5,195.54at 2021-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥4,997.45at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥4,955.34at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥4,541.62at 2018-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio63.7%at 2022-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio64.1%at 2021-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio62.7%at 2020-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio58.1%at 2019-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio56.1%at 2018-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE2.9%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE2.9%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.1%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE11.4%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE9.0%2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,266,655at 2022-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,266,655at 2021-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,266,655at 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,266,655at 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,266,655at 2018-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees159at 2022-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees158at 2021-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees164at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees163at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees158at 2018-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 59
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Electric Wirereportable segmentcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥79m
Electric Wirereportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥157m
Electric Wirereportable segmentemployeesat 2022-03-31111 pure
Electric Wirereportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥6.4bn
Electric Wirereportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥6.4bn
Electric Wirereportable segmentrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥1m
Electric Wirereportable segmentsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥5.6bn
Electric Wirereportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥136m
Heating Wirereportable segmentcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥14m
Heating Wirereportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥21m
Heating Wirereportable segmentemployeesat 2022-03-3126 pure
Heating Wirereportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥978m
Heating Wirereportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥978m
Heating Wirereportable segmentrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥93,000
Heating Wirereportable segmentsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥1.2bn
Heating Wirereportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥97m
Polymatecreportable segmentcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥38m
Polymatecreportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥30m
Polymatecreportable segmentemployeesat 2022-03-3147 pure
Polymatecreportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥1.9bn
Polymatecreportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥1.9bn
Polymatecreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥1.8bn
Polymatecreportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥4m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥131m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥208m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥9.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥9.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥8.6bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥237m
Electric Wirereportable segmentcapex2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥55m
Electric Wirereportable segmentdepreciation2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥145m
Electric Wirereportable segmentrevenue2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥5.1bn
Electric Wirereportable segmentrevenue external2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥5.1bn
Electric Wirereportable segmentrevenue intersegment2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥3m
Electric Wirereportable segmentsegment assetsat 2021-03-31¥4.6bn
Electric Wirereportable segmentsegment profit2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥164m
Heating Wirereportable segmentcapex2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥16m
Heating Wirereportable segmentdepreciation2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥20m
Heating Wirereportable segmentrevenue2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥649m
Heating Wirereportable segmentrevenue external2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥649m
Heating Wirereportable segmentrevenue intersegment2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥92,000
Heating Wirereportable segmentsegment assetsat 2021-03-31¥982m
Heating Wirereportable segmentsegment profit2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥17m
Polymatecreportable segmentcapex2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥13m
Polymatecreportable segmentdepreciation2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥24m
Polymatecreportable segmentrevenue2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥1.9bn
Polymatecreportable segmentrevenue external2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥1.9bn
Polymatecreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2021-03-31¥1.8bn
Polymatecreportable segmentsegment profit2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥16m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥84m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥188m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥7.6bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥7.6bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue intersegment2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥3m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2021-03-31¥7.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment profit2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥197m
Electric Wirereportable segmentemployeesat 2022-03-3186 pure
Polymatecreportable segmentemployeesat 2022-03-3143 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,436
ItemContextValueUnit
Valuation difference on available for sale securitiesPrior1YearInstant249973000JPY
Valuation difference on available for sale securitiesCurrentYearInstant259241000JPY
Foreign currency translation adjustmentPrior1YearInstant16455000JPY
Foreign currency translation adjustmentCurrentYearInstant29227000JPY
Remeasurements of defined benefit plansPrior1YearInstant48173000JPY
Remeasurements of defined benefit plansCurrentYearInstant10750000JPY
Valuation and translation adjustmentsPrior1YearInstant314602000JPY
Valuation and translation adjustmentsCurrentYearInstant299218000JPY
Net assetsPrior1YearInstant5959647000JPY
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant6170567000JPY
Liabilities and net assetsPrior1YearInstant9979789000JPY
Liabilities and net assetsCurrentYearInstant10419347000JPY
Net salesPrior1YearDuration7637791000JPY
Net salesCurrentYearDuration9187413000JPY
Cost of salesPrior1YearDuration6030940000JPY
Cost of salesCurrentYearDuration7455238000JPY
Gross profitPrior1YearDuration1606851000JPY
Gross profitCurrentYearDuration1732174000JPY
Selling general and administrative expensesPrior1YearDuration1409590000JPY
Selling general and administrative expensesCurrentYearDuration1494744000JPY
Operating incomePrior1YearDuration197261000JPY
Operating incomeCurrentYearDuration237430000JPY
Interest income noiPrior1YearDuration33000JPY
Interest income noiCurrentYearDuration32000JPY
Dividends income noiPrior1YearDuration15394000JPY
Dividends income noiCurrentYearDuration16919000JPY
House rent income noiPrior1YearDuration6480000JPY
House rent income noiCurrentYearDuration6480000JPY
Subsidy income noi bountyPrior1YearDuration90648000JPY
Subsidy income noi bountyCurrentYearDuration17572000JPY
Foreign exchange gains noiPrior1YearDuration6734000JPY
Foreign exchange gains noiCurrentYearDuration14705000JPY
Other noiPrior1YearDuration12103000JPY
Other noiCurrentYearDuration26684000JPY
Non operating incomePrior1YearDuration131395000JPY
Non operating incomeCurrentYearDuration82394000JPY
Interest expenses noePrior1YearDuration12086000JPY
Interest expenses noeCurrentYearDuration11112000JPY
Sales discounts noePrior1YearDuration15835000JPY
Sales discounts noeCurrentYearDuration-JPY
Litigation expenses noePrior1YearDuration6000000JPY
Litigation expenses noeCurrentYearDuration3000000JPY
Other noePrior1YearDuration13283000JPY
Other noeCurrentYearDuration3705000JPY
Non operating expensesPrior1YearDuration47206000JPY
Non operating expensesCurrentYearDuration17818000JPY
Ordinary incomePrior1YearDuration281450000JPY
Ordinary incomeCurrentYearDuration302006000JPY
Gain on sales of investment securities eiPrior1YearDuration1973000JPY
Gain on sales of investment securities eiCurrentYearDuration66786000JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2021-03-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2022-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2021-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass rounding
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2020-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2020-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2020-04-01/2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2020-04-01/2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2020-04-01/2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2020-04-01/2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass