Annual report

Period2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31
Filed2022-06-29
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥150.8bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥149.5bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥146.8bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥145.8bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥149.0bn2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥1.1bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥1.6bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥1.2bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥1.7bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥866m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.0bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.9bn2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥2.0bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥1.6bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥1.2bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥948m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥349m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥642m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥1.2bn2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥1.2bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥948m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥47.5bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥51.4bnat 2021-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥48.1bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥49.3bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥50.7bnat 2018-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥26.9bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥31.1bnat 2021-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥20.6bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥20.3bnat 2021-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥19.0bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥19.0bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥18.8bnat 2018-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥253mat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥285mat 2021-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥253mat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥285mat 2021-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥148mat 2020-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥172mat 2019-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥489mat 2018-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥2.2bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow−¥990m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥1.7bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥1.1bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥1.1bn2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥161m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥892m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥394m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥308m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥53m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥2.0bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow¥2.0bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥1.3bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥1.1bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥808m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥602.892021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥463.752020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥170.832019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥310.732018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥603.162017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥10,027.92at 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥9,888.23at 2021-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥9,327.65at 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥9,191at 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥9,092.76at 2018-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio43.4%at 2022-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio39.5%at 2021-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio39.4%at 2020-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio38.5%at 2019-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio37.1%at 2018-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE6.0%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE4.8%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE1.8%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.4%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE6.6%2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees670at 2022-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees752at 2021-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees745at 2020-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees769at 2019-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees766at 2018-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥2.8bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥2.4bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥2.4bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥2.7bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥2.6bn2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥1.3bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥887m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥1.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥776m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥1.1bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.4bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.3bn2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥1.6bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥490m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥1.3bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥326m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥961m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥1.3bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥1.2bn2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥29.7bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥29.8bnat 2021-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥27.8bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥28.1bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥27.7bnat 2018-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥12.3bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥13.1bnat 2021-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥17.4bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥16.7bnat 2021-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥16.1bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥15.5bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥14.5bnat 2018-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥7mat 2022-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥6mat 2021-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥630.622021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥159.652020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥469.772019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥646.312018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥579.372017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1002021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1002020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1002019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥802018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥802017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥8,478.4at 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥8,137.37at 2021-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥7,931.95at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥7,485.21at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥7,039.44at 2018-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio58.7%at 2022-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio56.1%at 2021-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio58.0%at 2020-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio55.1%at 2019-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio52.4%at 2018-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE7.4%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE2.0%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE6.0%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE8.6%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE8.7%2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued2,461,848at 2022-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued2,461,848at 2021-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued2,461,848at 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued2,461,848at 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued2,461,848at 2018-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees35at 2022-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees38at 2021-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees38at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees35at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees36at 2018-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 45
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥22m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥8m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥444m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31−¥155m
Commodity Goods Wholesale Businessreportable segmentcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥206m
Commodity Goods Wholesale Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥540m
Commodity Goods Wholesale Businessreportable segmentemployeesat 2022-03-31635 pure
Commodity Goods Wholesale Businessreportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥150.5bn
Commodity Goods Wholesale Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥150.5bn
Commodity Goods Wholesale Businessreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥45.9bn
Commodity Goods Wholesale Businessreportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥1.3bn
Real Estate Lease Businessreportable segmentcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥9m
Real Estate Lease Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥30m
Real Estate Lease Businessreportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥340m
Real Estate Lease Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥340m
Real Estate Lease Businessreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥1.1bn
Real Estate Lease Businessreportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥36m
—segment totalcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥216m
—segment totaldepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥571m
—segment totalrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥150.8bn
—segment totalrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥150.8bn
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥47.1bn
—segment totalsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥1.3bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingcapex2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥23m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥11m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2021-03-31¥476m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31−¥246m
Commodity Goods Wholesale Businessreportable segmentcapex2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥1.1bn
Commodity Goods Wholesale Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥435m
Commodity Goods Wholesale Businessreportable segmentrevenue2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥149.1bn
Commodity Goods Wholesale Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥149.1bn
Commodity Goods Wholesale Businessreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2021-03-31¥49.8bn
Commodity Goods Wholesale Businessreportable segmentsegment profit2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥1.9bn
Real Estate Lease Businessreportable segmentcapex2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥3m
Real Estate Lease Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥40m
Real Estate Lease Businessreportable segmentrevenue2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥347m
Real Estate Lease Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥347m
Real Estate Lease Businessreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2021-03-31¥1.1bn
Real Estate Lease Businessreportable segmentsegment profit2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥21m
—segment totalcapex2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥1.1bn
—segment totaldepreciation2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥476m
—segment totalrevenue2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥149.5bn
—segment totalrevenue external2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥149.5bn
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2021-03-31¥51.0bn
—segment totalsegment profit2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥1.9bn

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,805
ItemContextValueUnit
Independent auditors report consolidated (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Audit firm1 consolidatedFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)有限責任監査法人トーマツ
Cpa1 audit firm1 consolidatedFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)香  川     順
Cpa2 audit firm1 consolidatedFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)郷 右 近  隆 也
Key audit matters consolidated (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Overview kam consolidated (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Short description kam consolidatedFilingDateInstant_Row1Member
Original text (Japanese)中央物産株式会社の収益認識の適切性
Description including reason kam consolidated (text)FilingDateInstant_Row1MemberText · Plus
Auditors response kam consolidated (text)FilingDateInstant_Row1MemberText · Plus
Other information consolidated (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Independent auditors report non consolidated (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Audit firm1 non consolidatedFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)有限責任監査法人トーマツ
Cpa1 audit firm1 non consolidatedFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)香  川     順
Cpa2 audit firm1 non consolidatedFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)郷 右 近 隆  也
Key audit matters non consolidated (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Overview kam non consolidated (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Short description kam non consolidatedFilingDateInstant_Row1Member
Original text (Japanese)関係会社株式及び貸付金の評価
Description including reason kam non consolidated (text)FilingDateInstant_Row1MemberText · Plus
Reference kam non consolidatedFilingDateInstant_Row1Member
Original text (Japanese)注記事項(有価証券関係)
Auditors response kam non consolidated (text)FilingDateInstant_Row1MemberText · Plus
Other information non consolidated (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Number of submissionFilingDateInstant1
Net sales (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration148952000000JPY
Net sales (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration145848000000JPY
Net sales (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration146799000000JPY
Net sales (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration149494000000JPY
Net sales (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration150808000000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration1869000000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration1013000000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration866000000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration1688000000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration1173000000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration1246000000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration642000000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration349000000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration948000000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration1238000000JPY
Comprehensive income (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration1771000000JPY
Comprehensive income (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration369000000JPY
Comprehensive income (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration235000000JPY
Comprehensive income (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration1496000000JPY
Comprehensive income (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration846000000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant18791000000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant18994000000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant18979000000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant20316000000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant20603000000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant50690000000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant49275000000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant48125000000JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2021-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2021-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass rounding
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2020-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2020-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2020-04-01/2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2020-04-01/2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2020-04-01/2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2020-04-01/2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass