Annual report

Period2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31
Filed2025-06-20
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed

Amended by S100W3HW (2025-06-24).

Key figures · 148
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥52.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥53.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥43.8bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥28.6bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥22.1bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥1.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥2.8bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥2.1bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥3.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥1.7bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income−¥7.8bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income−¥7.9bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥2.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥3.5bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥2.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥3.4bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥2.0bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)−¥7.9bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)−¥14.4bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥2.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥3.4bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥69.0bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥65.7bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥61.7bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥59.1bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥65.4bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥23.7bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥22.7bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥45.3bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥43.0bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥40.0bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥38.0bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥46.1bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥11.4bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥11.7bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥19.9bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥27.7bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥27.3bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥25.2bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥28.7bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥7.1bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥4.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥3.9bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥1.7bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥8.3bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥14.1bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥3.1bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥1.6bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥1.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow¥217m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥724m2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥718m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥240m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥282m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥474m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥21.792024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥28.462023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥16.452022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-66.472021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-121.062020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥382.2at 2025-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥362.72at 2024-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥337.13at 2023-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥320.02at 2022-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥388.32at 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio65.7%at 2025-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio65.5%at 2024-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio64.8%at 2023-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio64.2%at 2022-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio70.4%at 2021-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE5.9%2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE8.1%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.0%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE-18.8%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE-26.9%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees1,813at 2025-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees1,758at 2024-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees1,680at 2023-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees1,824at 2022-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees1,986at 2021-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥52.1bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥52.8bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥43.4bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥28.3bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥21.8bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥1.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥2.7bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥2.0bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥3.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥1.5bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income−¥7.9bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income−¥8.0bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥2.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥3.4bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥2.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥3.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥1.8bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income−¥8.0bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income−¥14.4bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥66.9bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥63.6bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥59.6bnat 2023-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥57.2bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥63.9bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥23.7bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥22.2bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥43.2bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥41.4bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥38.4bnat 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥36.7bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥44.9bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥9.9bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥10.2bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥21.172024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥27.972023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥15.462022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-67.052021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-121.362020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥62024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥82023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥82022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥42021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥42020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥363.86at 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥349.05at 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥323.28at 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥309.09at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥378.45at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio64.5%at 2025-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio65.1%at 2024-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio64.3%at 2023-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio64.2%at 2022-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio70.2%at 2021-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE5.9%2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE8.3%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE4.9%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE-19.5%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE-27.6%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued118,800,000at 2025-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued118,800,000at 2024-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued59,400,000at 2023-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued59,400,000at 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued59,400,000at 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees1,736at 2025-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees1,682at 2024-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees1,607at 2023-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees1,749at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees1,908at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 54
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥30m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31−¥2m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31−¥2m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2025-03-31¥28.9bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31−¥2.8bn
Hotelreportable segmentcapex2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥8.8bn
Hotelreportable segmentdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥1.8bn
Hotelreportable segmentemployeesat 2025-03-311725 pure
Hotelreportable segmentrevenue2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥52.3bn
Hotelreportable segmentrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥52.3bn
Hotelreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2025-03-31¥30.7bn
Hotelreportable segmentsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥4.7bn
Leasingreportable segmentcapex2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥6.4bn
Leasingreportable segmentdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥179m
Leasingreportable segmentemployeesat 2025-03-317 pure
Leasingreportable segmentrevenue2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥276m
Leasingreportable segmentrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥273m
Leasingreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥2m
Leasingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2025-03-31¥9.4bn
Leasingreportable segmentsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31−¥253m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥15.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥2.0bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥52.6bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥52.6bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥2m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2025-03-31¥40.1bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥4.4bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥25m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31−¥9m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31−¥9m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥37.2bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31−¥2.4bn
Hotelreportable segmentcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥5.2bn
Hotelreportable segmentdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.0bn
Hotelreportable segmentrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥51.1bn
Hotelreportable segmentrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥51.1bn
Hotelreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥25.2bn
Hotelreportable segmentsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥4.9bn
Leasingreportable segmentcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥227m
Leasingreportable segmentdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥520m
Leasingreportable segmentrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.2bn
Leasingreportable segmentrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.2bn
Leasingreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥9m
Leasingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥3.2bn
Leasingreportable segmentsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥408m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥5.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.5bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥53.3bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥53.3bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue intersegment2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥9m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥28.5bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥5.3bn
Hotelreportable segmentemployeesat 2025-03-311660 pure
Leasingreportable segmentemployeesat 2025-03-317 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,588
ItemContextValueUnit
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant45347000000JPY
Liabilities and net assetsPrior1YearInstant65706000000JPY
Liabilities and net assetsCurrentYearInstant69034000000JPY
Net salesPrior1YearDuration53335000000JPY
Net salesCurrentYearDuration52610000000JPY
Cost of raw materials cosPrior1YearDuration11033000000JPY
Cost of raw materials cosCurrentYearDuration10707000000JPY
Selling general and administrative expensesPrior1YearDuration39461000000JPY
Selling general and administrative expensesCurrentYearDuration40312000000JPY
Operating incomePrior1YearDuration2839000000JPY
Operating incomeCurrentYearDuration1590000000JPY
Interest income noiPrior1YearDuration27000000JPY
Interest income noiCurrentYearDuration58000000JPY
Dividends income noiPrior1YearDuration54000000JPY
Dividends income noiCurrentYearDuration68000000JPY
Commission fee noiPrior1YearDuration235000000JPY
Commission fee noiCurrentYearDuration242000000JPY
Equity in earnings of affiliates noiPrior1YearDuration34000000JPY
Equity in earnings of affiliates noiCurrentYearDuration40000000JPY
Other noiPrior1YearDuration111000000JPY
Other noiCurrentYearDuration77000000JPY
Non operating incomePrior1YearDuration463000000JPY
Non operating incomeCurrentYearDuration487000000JPY
Commission fee noePrior1YearDuration7000000JPY
Commission fee noeCurrentYearDuration15000000JPY
Non operating expensesPrior1YearDuration7000000JPY
Non operating expensesCurrentYearDuration15000000JPY
Ordinary incomePrior1YearDuration3296000000JPY
Ordinary incomeCurrentYearDuration2062000000JPY
Gain on sales of investment securities eiPrior1YearDuration-JPY
Gain on sales of investment securities eiCurrentYearDuration564000000JPY
Reversal of provision for loss on reconstruct eiPrior1YearDuration179000000JPY
Reversal of provision for loss on reconstruct eiCurrentYearDuration-JPY
Other eiPrior1YearDuration1000000JPY
Other eiCurrentYearDuration1000000JPY
Extraordinary incomePrior1YearDuration180000000JPY
Extraordinary incomeCurrentYearDuration565000000JPY
Loss on retirement of noncurrent assets elPrior1YearDuration6000000JPY
Loss on retirement of noncurrent assets elCurrentYearDuration4000000JPY
Extraordinary lossPrior1YearDuration6000000JPY
Extraordinary lossCurrentYearDuration4000000JPY
Income before income taxesPrior1YearDuration3470000000JPY
Income before income taxesCurrentYearDuration2623000000JPY
Income taxes currentPrior1YearDuration87000000JPY
Income taxes currentCurrentYearDuration29000000JPY
Income taxes deferredPrior1YearDuration5000000JPY
Income taxes deferredCurrentYearDuration8000000JPY
Income taxesPrior1YearDuration93000000JPY
Income taxesCurrentYearDuration37000000JPY
Profit lossPrior1YearDuration3377000000JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2025-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass rounding
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass