Annual report

Period2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31
Filed2026-08-26
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥12.1bn2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥10.5bn2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥9.5bn2023-06-01 → 2024-05-31vCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥8.9bn2022-06-01 → 2023-05-31vCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥7.9bn2021-06-01 → 2022-05-31vCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥1.5bn2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥1.1bn2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥1.5bn2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥1.3bn2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥1.0bn2023-06-01 → 2024-05-31vCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥967m2022-06-01 → 2023-05-31vCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥808m2021-06-01 → 2022-05-31vCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥1.5bn2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥2.1bn2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥1.1bn2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥1.5bn2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥731m2023-06-01 → 2024-05-31vCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥683m2022-06-01 → 2023-05-31vCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥533m2021-06-01 → 2022-05-31vCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥1.1bn2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥1.5bn2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥14.6bnat 2026-05-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥14.5bnat 2025-05-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥12.8bnat 2024-05-31vCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥12.3bnat 2023-05-31vCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥11.7bnat 2022-05-31vCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥3.0bnat 2026-05-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥3.4bnat 2025-05-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥11.6bnat 2026-05-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥11.1bnat 2025-05-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥10.5bnat 2024-05-31vCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥10.1bnat 2023-05-31vCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥9.7bnat 2022-05-31vCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥5.6bnat 2026-05-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥5.7bnat 2025-05-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥5.6bnat 2026-05-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥5.7bnat 2025-05-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥4.6bnat 2024-05-31vCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥4.2bnat 2023-05-31vCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥3.8bnat 2022-05-31vCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥191m2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥499m2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥1.1bn2023-06-01 → 2024-05-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥312m2022-06-01 → 2023-05-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥572m2021-06-01 → 2022-05-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow¥426m2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow¥1.0bn2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥291m2023-06-01 → 2024-05-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow¥436m2022-06-01 → 2023-05-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow¥260m2021-06-01 → 2022-05-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥666m2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥444m2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥348m2023-06-01 → 2024-05-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥347m2022-06-01 → 2023-05-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥387m2021-06-01 → 2022-05-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥117.512025-06-01 → 2026-05-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥152.762024-06-01 → 2025-05-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥75.562023-06-01 → 2024-05-31vCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥70.72022-06-01 → 2023-05-31vCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥55.632021-06-01 → 2022-05-31vCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,199.28at 2026-05-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,145.82at 2025-05-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,081.14at 2024-05-31vCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,043.28at 2023-05-31vCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,002.86at 2022-05-31vCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio79.7%at 2026-05-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio76.6%at 2025-05-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio81.7%at 2024-05-31vCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio81.9%at 2023-05-31vCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio82.4%at 2022-05-31vCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE10.0%2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE13.7%2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE7.1%2023-06-01 → 2024-05-31vCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE6.9%2022-06-01 → 2023-05-31vCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.5%2021-06-01 → 2022-05-31vCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees780at 2026-05-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees729at 2025-05-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees698at 2024-05-31vCons.Number of employees
Employees691at 2023-05-31vCons.Number of employees
Employees674at 2022-05-31vCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥12.0bn2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥10.3bn2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥9.3bn2023-06-01 → 2024-05-31vStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥8.7bn2022-06-01 → 2023-05-31vStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥7.8bn2021-06-01 → 2022-05-31vStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥1.5bn2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥1.2bn2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥1.5bn2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥1.3bn2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥1.0bn2023-06-01 → 2024-05-31vStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥966m2022-06-01 → 2023-05-31vStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥839m2021-06-01 → 2022-05-31vStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥1.5bn2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥2.1bn2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥1.1bn2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥1.5bn2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥732m2023-06-01 → 2024-05-31vStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥681m2022-06-01 → 2023-05-31vStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥696m2021-06-01 → 2022-05-31vStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥14.3bnat 2026-05-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥14.2bnat 2025-05-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥12.6bnat 2024-05-31vStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥12.1bnat 2023-05-31vStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥11.5bnat 2022-05-31vStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥3.0bnat 2026-05-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥3.4bnat 2025-05-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥11.3bnat 2026-05-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥10.9bnat 2025-05-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥10.2bnat 2024-05-31vStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥9.9bnat 2023-05-31vStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥9.5bnat 2022-05-31vStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥5.4bnat 2026-05-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥5.5bnat 2025-05-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥115.362025-06-01 → 2026-05-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥152.172024-06-01 → 2025-05-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥75.72023-06-01 → 2024-05-31vStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥70.562022-06-01 → 2023-05-31vStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥72.72021-06-01 → 2022-05-31vStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥762025-06-01 → 2026-05-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥622024-06-01 → 2025-05-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥382023-06-01 → 2024-05-31vStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥352022-06-01 → 2023-05-31vStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥332021-06-01 → 2022-05-31vStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,170.1at 2026-05-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,122.06at 2025-05-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,057.64at 2024-05-31vStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,021.32at 2023-05-31vStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥981.3at 2022-05-31vStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio79.2%at 2026-05-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio76.2%at 2025-05-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio81.3%at 2024-05-31vStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio81.5%at 2023-05-31vStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio82.0%at 2022-05-31vStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE10.1%2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE14.0%2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE7.3%2023-06-01 → 2024-05-31vStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE7.0%2022-06-01 → 2023-05-31vStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE7.4%2021-06-01 → 2022-05-31vStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued10,645,020at 2026-05-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued10,645,020at 2025-05-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued10,645,020at 2024-05-31vStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued10,645,020at 2023-05-31vStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued10,645,020at 2022-05-31vStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees715at 2026-05-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees653at 2025-05-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees621at 2024-05-31vStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees609at 2023-05-31vStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees587at 2022-05-31vStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 40
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31−¥1.3bn
Automotive Systemsreportable segmentrevenue2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥2.6bn
Automotive Systemsreportable segmentrevenue external2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥2.6bn
Automotive Systemsreportable segmentsegment profit2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥649m
Control Systemsreportable segmentrevenue2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥1.9bn
Control Systemsreportable segmentrevenue external2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥1.9bn
Control Systemsreportable segmentsegment profit2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥488m
Embedded Systemsreportable segmentrevenue2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥1.8bn
Embedded Systemsreportable segmentrevenue external2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥1.8bn
Embedded Systemsreportable segmentsegment profit2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥371m
Industry And ICT Solutionsreportable segmentrevenue2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥3.7bn
Industry And ICT Solutionsreportable segmentrevenue external2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥3.7bn
Industry And ICT Solutionsreportable segmentsegment profit2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥765m
Particular Information Systemsreportable segmentrevenue2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥2.0bn
Particular Information Systemsreportable segmentrevenue external2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥2.0bn
Particular Information Systemsreportable segmentsegment profit2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥523m
—segment totalemployeesat 2026-05-31733 pure
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥12.1bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥12.1bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment profit2025-06-01 → 2026-05-31¥2.8bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31−¥1.2bn
Automotive Systemsreportable segmentrevenue2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥2.4bn
Automotive Systemsreportable segmentrevenue external2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥2.4bn
Automotive Systemsreportable segmentsegment profit2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥602m
Control Systemsreportable segmentrevenue2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥1.7bn
Control Systemsreportable segmentrevenue external2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥1.7bn
Control Systemsreportable segmentsegment profit2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥403m
Embedded Systemsreportable segmentrevenue2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥1.5bn
Embedded Systemsreportable segmentrevenue external2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥1.5bn
Embedded Systemsreportable segmentsegment profit2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥267m
Industry And ICT Solutionsreportable segmentrevenue2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥3.1bn
Industry And ICT Solutionsreportable segmentrevenue external2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥3.1bn
Industry And ICT Solutionsreportable segmentsegment profit2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥597m
Particular Information Systemsreportable segmentrevenue2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥1.8bn
Particular Information Systemsreportable segmentrevenue external2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥1.8bn
Particular Information Systemsreportable segmentsegment profit2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥495m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥10.5bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥10.5bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment profit2024-06-01 → 2025-05-31¥2.4bn
—segment totalemployeesat 2026-05-31670 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,332
ItemContextValueUnit
Total changes of items during the periodCurrentYearDuration_CapitalStockMember-JPY
Total changes of items during the periodCurrentYearDuration_CapitalSurplusMember14535000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodCurrentYearDuration_RetainedEarningsMember470180000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodCurrentYearDuration_TreasuryStockMember10461000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodCurrentYearDuration_ShareholdersEquityMember495176000JPY
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant_CapitalStockMember1487409000JPY
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant_CapitalSurplusMember2295756000JPY
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant_RetainedEarningsMember8306193000JPY
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant_TreasuryStockMember-592734000JPY
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant_ShareholdersEquityMember11496624000JPY
Net assetsPrior1YearInstant_ValuationDifferenceOnAvailableForSaleSecuritiesMember31728000JPY
Net assetsPrior1YearInstant_ForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentMember55728000JPY
Net assetsPrior1YearInstant_ValuationAndTranslationAdjustmentsMember87457000JPY
Net assetsPrior1YearInstant11088905000JPY
Dividends from surplusCurrentYearDuration-668312000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parentCurrentYearDuration1138492000JPY
Disposal of treasury stockCurrentYearDuration24996000JPY
Net changes of items other than shareholders equityCurrentYearDuration_ValuationDifferenceOnAvailableForSaleSecuritiesMember10191000JPY
Net changes of items other than shareholders equityCurrentYearDuration_ForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentMember32084000JPY
Net changes of items other than shareholders equityCurrentYearDuration_ValuationAndTranslationAdjustmentsMember42276000JPY
Net changes of items other than shareholders equityCurrentYearDuration42276000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodCurrentYearDuration_ValuationDifferenceOnAvailableForSaleSecuritiesMember10191000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodCurrentYearDuration_ForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentMember32084000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodCurrentYearDuration_ValuationAndTranslationAdjustmentsMember42276000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodCurrentYearDuration537453000JPY
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant_ValuationDifferenceOnAvailableForSaleSecuritiesMember41920000JPY
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant_ForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentMember87812000JPY
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant_ValuationAndTranslationAdjustmentsMember129733000JPY
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant11626358000JPY
Income before income taxesPrior1YearDuration2072492000JPY
Income before income taxesCurrentYearDuration1522626000JPY
Depreciation and amortization ope cfPrior1YearDuration27738000JPY
Depreciation and amortization ope cfCurrentYearDuration24404000JPY
Impairment loss ope cfPrior1YearDuration44410000JPY
Impairment loss ope cfCurrentYearDuration-JPY
Depreciation of intangible assets ope cfPrior1YearDuration12670000JPY
Depreciation of intangible assets ope cfCurrentYearDuration9625000JPY
Amortization of long term prepaid expenses ope cfPrior1YearDuration1700000JPY
Amortization of long term prepaid expenses ope cfCurrentYearDuration157000JPY
Loss gain on sales of property plant and equipment ope cfPrior1YearDuration4650000JPY
Loss gain on sales of property plant and equipment ope cfCurrentYearDuration2071000JPY
Loss on retirement of noncurrent assets ope cfPrior1YearDuration1588000JPY
Loss on retirement of noncurrent assets ope cfCurrentYearDuration584000JPY
Loss gain on sales of investment securities ope cfPrior1YearDuration-841652000JPY
Loss gain on sales of investment securities ope cfCurrentYearDuration-JPY
Interest and dividends income ope cfPrior1YearDuration-46515000JPY
Interest and dividends income ope cfCurrentYearDuration-30003000JPY
Proceeds from miscellaneous income ope cfPrior1YearDuration-97666000JPY
Proceeds from miscellaneous income ope cfCurrentYearDuration-11202000JPY
Increase decrease in provision for bonuses ope cfPrior1YearDuration351306000JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2025-05-31pass rounding
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2026-05-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2025-05-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2026-05-31pass
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-05-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2025-05-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2026-05-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-05-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2025-05-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2026-05-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2024-06-01/2025-05-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2025-06-01/2026-05-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2024-06-01/2025-05-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2025-06-01/2026-05-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2024-06-01/2025-05-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2025-06-01/2026-05-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2024-06-01/2025-05-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2025-06-01/2026-05-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2025-05-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2026-05-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2025-05-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2026-05-31pass