Annual report
9441.TEDINET S100QFC0
Period2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31
Filed2023-03-23
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
| Metric | Value | Period | Scope | Source row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | ¥102.8bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥107.3bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥98.8bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥103.3bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥98.1bn | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥3.5bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥4.7bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥3.6bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥4.6bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥5.3bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥4.4bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥3.3bn | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥3.8bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥4.7bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Net income (owners) | ¥2.5bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥3.3bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥3.6bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥3.0bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥2.1bn | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥2.5bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥3.3bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Total assets | ¥43.6bn | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥43.4bn | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥46.4bn | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥43.6bn | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥39.1bn | at 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥13.3bn | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥14.6bn | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥30.3bn | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥28.8bn | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥26.7bn | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥23.9bn | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥21.3bn | at 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥17.6bn | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥18.3bn | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥17.6bn | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥18.3bn | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥22.0bn | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥21.3bn | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥14.9bn | at 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥73m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥3.7bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥2.4bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥8.6bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | −¥170m | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | ¥172m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥1.3bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥818m | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥1.6bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥988m | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥960m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥6.1bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥911m | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥481m | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥436m | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥131.07 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥170.34 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥188.16 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥158.03 | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥109.94 | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,576.9 | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,495.33 | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,385.68 | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,241.58 | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,108.85 | at 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 69.6% | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 66.3% | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 57.5% | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 54.8% | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 54.6% | at 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 8.5% | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 11.8% | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 14.3% | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 13.4% | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 10.3% | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 1,829 | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,883 | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,855 | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,666 | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,489 | at 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Revenue | ¥99.9bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥104.1bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥95.8bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥99.6bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥94.0bn | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥3.4bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥4.4bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥3.5bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥4.4bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥5.0bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥4.1bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥3.0bn | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥3.7bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥4.5bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Net income | ¥2.5bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥3.1bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥3.4bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥2.9bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥1.9bn | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥42.2bn | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥41.9bn | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥45.0bn | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥42.4bn | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥38.0bn | at 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥13.0bn | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥14.2bn | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥29.2bn | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥27.7bn | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥25.7bn | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥23.2bn | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥20.8bn | at 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥16.0bn | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥16.7bn | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| EPS (basic) | ¥128.07 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥163.55 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥176.83 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥150.09 | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥100.8 | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥41 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥154 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥170 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥119 | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥70 | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,518.93 | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,440.36 | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,337.5 | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,204.73 | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,079.95 | at 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 69.3% | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 66.1% | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 57.2% | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 54.6% | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 54.6% | at 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 8.7% | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 11.8% | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 13.9% | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 13.1% | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 9.7% | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 20,197,800 | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 6,732,600 | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 6,732,600 | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 6,732,600 | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 6,732,600 | at 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 1,736 | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,786 | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,755 | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,567 | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,399 | at 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.
All source rows · 1,315
| Item | Context | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gain on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates stocks ei | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | - | JPY |
| Gain on sales of subsidiaries and affiliates stocks ei | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 142499000 | JPY |
| Extraordinary income | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 183075000 | JPY |
| Extraordinary income | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 551131000 | JPY |
| Impairment loss el | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 99226000 | JPY |
| Impairment loss el | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 279385000 | JPY |
| Loss on valuation of investment securities el | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | - | JPY |
| Loss on valuation of investment securities el | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 1618000 | JPY |
| Shop closures expemses el | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 44124000 | JPY |
| Shop closures expemses el | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 46216000 | JPY |
| Loss on valuation of membership el | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 1804000 | JPY |
| Loss on valuation of membership el | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 1800000 | JPY |
| Loss on valuation of stocks of subsidiaries and affiliates el | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 9999000 | JPY |
| Loss on valuation of stocks of subsidiaries and affiliates el | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | - | JPY |
| Extraordinary loss | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 155154000 | JPY |
| Extraordinary loss | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 329020000 | JPY |
| Income before income taxes | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 4471043000 | JPY |
| Income before income taxes | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 3694947000 | JPY |
| Income taxes current | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 1438309000 | JPY |
| Income taxes current | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 1276681000 | JPY |
| Income taxes deferred | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | -114006000 | JPY |
| Income taxes deferred | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | -45891000 | JPY |
| Income taxes | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 1324302000 | JPY |
| Income taxes | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 1230789000 | JPY |
| Profit loss | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 3146741000 | JPY |
| Profit loss | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 2464158000 | JPY |
| Net assets | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_CapitalStockMember | 1148322000 | JPY |
| Net assets | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_LegalCapitalSurplusMember | 1602729000 | JPY |
| Net assets | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_OtherCapitalSurplusMember | 269759000 | JPY |
| Net assets | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_CapitalSurplusMember | 1872489000 | JPY |
| Net assets | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_LegalRetainedEarningsMember | 8078000 | JPY |
| Net assets | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_RetainedEarningsBroughtForwardMember | 23254145000 | JPY |
| Net assets | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_RetainedEarningsMember | 23262223000 | JPY |
| Dividends from surplus | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_RetainedEarningsBroughtForwardMember | -1135207000 | JPY |
| Dividends from surplus | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_RetainedEarningsMember | -1135207000 | JPY |
| Profit loss | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_RetainedEarningsBroughtForwardMember | 3146741000 | JPY |
| Profit loss | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_RetainedEarningsMember | 3146741000 | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_CapitalStockMember | - | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_LegalCapitalSurplusMember | - | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_OtherCapitalSurplusMember | - | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_CapitalSurplusMember | - | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_LegalRetainedEarningsMember | - | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_RetainedEarningsBroughtForwardMember | 2011533000 | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_RetainedEarningsMember | 2011533000 | JPY |
| Net assets | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_CapitalStockMember | 1148322000 | JPY |
| Net assets | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_LegalCapitalSurplusMember | 1602729000 | JPY |
| Net assets | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_OtherCapitalSurplusMember | 269759000 | JPY |
| Net assets | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_CapitalSurplusMember | 1872489000 | JPY |
| Net assets | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_LegalRetainedEarningsMember | 8078000 | JPY |
| Net assets | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_RetainedEarningsBroughtForwardMember | 25265678000 | JPY |
Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.
Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| dei present | pass |
| period resolution | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |