Annual report

Period2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31
Filed2023-06-28
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥28.2bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Operating revenue1
Revenue¥28.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Operating revenue1
Revenue¥27.7bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Operating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Revenue¥29.7bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Operating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Revenue¥29.0bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Operating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Operating income¥1.3bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥1.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥1.9bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥2.1bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥1.7bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.6bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.5bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥1.9bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥2.1bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥1.4bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥1.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥1.2bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥1.0bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥1.0bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥1.4bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥1.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥45.8bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥43.2bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥42.9bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥41.3bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥41.6bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥22.6bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥21.1bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥23.2bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥22.2bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥21.2bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥19.9bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥19.2bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥8.3bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥7.7bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥8.3bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥7.7bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥6.4bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥4.3bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥3.8bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥2.7bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥2.8bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥3.1bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥2.8bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥2.3bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥3.4bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥817m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥1.1bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥1.7bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥985m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥1.4bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥783m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow¥237m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥705m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥754m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥35.72022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥37.792021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥31.162020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥27.252019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥26.762018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥615.72at 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥579.73at 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥554.35at 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥519.6at 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥504.06at 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio50.7%at 2023-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio51.3%at 2022-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio49.3%at 2021-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio48.1%at 2020-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio46.2%at 2019-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE5.9%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE6.7%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.8%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.3%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.4%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees733at 2023-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees748at 2022-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees770at 2021-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees754at 2020-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees713at 2019-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥20.7bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOperating revenue1
Revenue¥20.9bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOperating revenue1
Revenue¥20.1bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneOperating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Revenue¥22.3bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneOperating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Revenue¥22.3bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneOperating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Operating income¥927m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥1.1bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥1.5bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥1.8bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥1.7bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.4bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.3bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥1.5bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥1.7bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥1.1bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥1.3bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥1.2bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥920m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥945m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥41.2bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥38.6bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥38.4bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥36.7bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥37.3bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥21.5bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥19.8bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥19.6bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥18.9bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥18.0bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥16.8bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥16.3bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥7.3bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥6.7bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥30.272022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥33.612021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥32.582020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥24.082019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥24.782018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥102022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥9.52021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥8.52020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥82019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥7.52018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥518.34at 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥490.77at 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥470.97at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥439.12at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥427.76at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio47.7%at 2023-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio48.8%at 2022-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio47.0%at 2021-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio45.8%at 2020-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio43.8%at 2019-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE6.0%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE7.0%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE7.2%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.6%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.9%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued39,324,000at 2023-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued39,324,000at 2022-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued39,324,000at 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued39,324,000at 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued39,324,000at 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees297at 2023-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees302at 2022-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees305at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees290at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees269at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 28
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Logistics Businessreportable segmentcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥3.4bn
Logistics Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.2bn
Logistics Businessreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥27.5bn
Logistics Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥27.5bn
Logistics Businessreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥25.9bn
Logistics Businessreportable segmentsegment ordinary income2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.8bn
—segment totalemployeesat 2023-03-31686 pure
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥3.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥28.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥28.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥28.0bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment ordinary income2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥2.0bn
Logistics Businessreportable segmentcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥888m
Logistics Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥1.2bn
Logistics Businessreportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥27.8bn
Logistics Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥27.8bn
Logistics Businessreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥24.2bn
Logistics Businessreportable segmentsegment ordinary income2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2.1bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥893m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥1.3bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥28.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥28.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥26.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment ordinary income2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2.3bn
—segment totalemployeesat 2023-03-31263 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,627
ItemContextValueUnit
Cash and cash equivalentsCurrentYearInstant8328863000JPY
Number of consolidated subsidiariesCurrentYearInstant1
Number of associates accounted for using equity methodCurrentYearInstant2
Trade notes receivable transferred by endorsement and transfer of electronically recorded monetary claimsPrior1YearInstant22420000JPY
Trade notes receivable transferred by endorsement and transfer of electronically recorded monetary claimsCurrentYearInstant22082000JPY
Notes receivable tradePrior1YearInstant197389000JPY
Notes receivable tradeCurrentYearInstant107149000JPY
Operating accounts receivable caPrior1YearInstant5454716000JPY
Operating accounts receivable caCurrentYearInstant5175829000JPY
Contract assetsPrior1YearInstant3490000JPY
Contract assetsCurrentYearInstant1727000JPY
Contract liabilitiesPrior1YearInstant15254000JPY
Contract liabilitiesCurrentYearInstant8745000JPY
Directors compensations sgaPrior1YearDuration117299000JPY
Directors compensations sgaCurrentYearDuration118879000JPY
Salaries and allowances sgaPrior1YearDuration380000000JPY
Salaries and allowances sgaCurrentYearDuration394031000JPY
Retirement benefit expenses sgaPrior1YearDuration23970000JPY
Retirement benefit expenses sgaCurrentYearDuration19732000JPY
Provision of allowance for doubtful accounts sgaPrior1YearDuration-110000JPY
Provision of allowance for doubtful accounts sgaCurrentYearDuration2990000JPY
Revenues from external customersPrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000LogisticsBusinessReportableSegmentsMember27803336000JPY
Revenues from external customersPrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000RealEstateBusinessMember563572000JPY
Revenues from external customersPrior1YearDuration_TotalOfReportableSegmentsAndOthersMember28366909000JPY
Transactions with other segmentsPrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000LogisticsBusinessReportableSegmentsMember-JPY
Transactions with other segmentsPrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000RealEstateBusinessMember2064000JPY
Transactions with other segmentsPrior1YearDuration_TotalOfReportableSegmentsAndOthersMember2064000JPY
Operating revenue1Prior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000LogisticsBusinessReportableSegmentsMember27803336000JPY
Operating revenue1Prior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000RealEstateBusinessMember565636000JPY
Operating revenue1Prior1YearDuration_TotalOfReportableSegmentsAndOthersMember28368973000JPY
Ordinary incomePrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000LogisticsBusinessReportableSegmentsMember2080737000JPY
Ordinary incomePrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000RealEstateBusinessMember258081000JPY
Ordinary incomePrior1YearDuration_TotalOfReportableSegmentsAndOthersMember2338819000JPY
AssetsPrior1YearInstant_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000LogisticsBusinessReportableSegmentsMember24218029000JPY
AssetsPrior1YearInstant_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000RealEstateBusinessMember2185421000JPY
AssetsPrior1YearInstant_TotalOfReportableSegmentsAndOthersMember26403451000JPY
Depreciation segment informationPrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000LogisticsBusinessReportableSegmentsMember1221030000JPY
Depreciation segment informationPrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000RealEstateBusinessMember49429000JPY
Depreciation segment informationPrior1YearDuration_TotalOfReportableSegmentsAndOthersMember1270460000JPY
Increase in property plant and equipment and intangible assetsPrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000LogisticsBusinessReportableSegmentsMember887694000JPY
Increase in property plant and equipment and intangible assetsPrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000RealEstateBusinessMember5225000JPY
Increase in property plant and equipment and intangible assetsPrior1YearDuration_TotalOfReportableSegmentsAndOthersMember892919000JPY
Revenues from external customersCurrentYearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000LogisticsBusinessReportableSegmentsMember27532023000JPY
Revenues from external customersCurrentYearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000RealEstateBusinessMember635987000JPY
Revenues from external customersCurrentYearDuration_TotalOfReportableSegmentsAndOthersMember28168011000JPY
Transactions with other segmentsCurrentYearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000LogisticsBusinessReportableSegmentsMember-JPY
Transactions with other segmentsCurrentYearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000RealEstateBusinessMember1479000JPY
Transactions with other segmentsCurrentYearDuration_TotalOfReportableSegmentsAndOthersMember1479000JPY
Operating revenue1CurrentYearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000LogisticsBusinessReportableSegmentsMember27532023000JPY
Operating revenue1CurrentYearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E04287-000RealEstateBusinessMember637466000JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2023-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass rounding
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass