Half-year report · HY

Period2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30
Filed2025-11-25
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks26 of 26 passed
Key figures · 125
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Ordinary income¥12.5bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥19.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥11.8bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥16.0bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥9.5bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥12.5bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥11.8bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥8.7bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥13.2bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥8.5bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥10.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥6.7bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥8.6bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥8.5bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥6.56Tat 2025-09-30Cons.Assets
Total assets¥6.43Tat 2025-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥6.34Tat 2024-09-30Cons.Assets
Total assets¥6.44Tat 2024-03-31vCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥6.42Tat 2023-09-30dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥6.32Tat 2025-09-30Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥6.19Tat 2025-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥6.09Tat 2024-09-30Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥248.0bnat 2025-09-30Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥240.2bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥248.1bnat 2024-09-30Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥244.8bnat 2024-03-31vCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥234.5bnat 2023-09-30dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥868.1bnat 2025-09-30Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥847.7bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥890.0bnat 2024-09-30Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥788.0bnat 2024-03-31vCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥931.5bnat 2023-09-30dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥87.9bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥165.7bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥150.7bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥121.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥158.8bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥65.7bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥101.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥47.3bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥145.8bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥41.4bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥1.9bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥4.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥1.5bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥2.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥1.2bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥31.142025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥47.282024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥30.142024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥38.782023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥23.832023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥31.062025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥47.142024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥30.052024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥38.682023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥23.772023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥879.31at 2025-09-30Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥852.98at 2025-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥873.91at 2024-09-30Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥863.54at 2024-03-31vCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥827.47at 2023-09-30dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio3.7%at 2025-09-30Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio3.7%at 2025-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio3.9%at 2024-09-30Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio3.8%at 2024-03-31vCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio3.6%at 2023-09-30dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Employees2,287at 2025-09-30Cons.Number of employees
Employees2,252at 2025-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees2,363at 2024-09-30Cons.Number of employees
Employees2,326at 2024-03-31vCons.Number of employees
Employees2,375at 2023-09-30dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥4.2bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneOperating revenue1
Revenue¥5.2bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOperating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Revenue¥2.6bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneOperating revenue1
Revenue¥5.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneOperating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Revenue¥2.8bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dStandaloneOperating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Operating income¥3.4bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥1.9bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥3.4bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥3.9bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.9bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥3.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.5bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥3.4bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥1.9bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥3.3bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥3.8bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥1.8bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥3.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥1.5bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥170.8bnat 2025-09-30StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥170.7bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥168.9bnat 2024-09-30StandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥167.6bnat 2024-03-31vStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥167.6bnat 2023-09-30dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥3.3bnat 2025-09-30StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥4.3bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥167.5bnat 2025-09-30StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥166.4bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥167.5bnat 2024-09-30StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥167.4bnat 2024-03-31vStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥167.3bnat 2023-09-30dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥689mat 2025-09-30StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥752mat 2025-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Dividend per share¥10.52025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥15.52024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥7.52024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥12.52023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥6.252023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio98.0%at 2025-09-30StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio97.4%at 2025-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio99.1%at 2024-09-30StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio99.8%at 2024-03-31vStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio99.8%at 2023-09-30dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Shares issued281,008,000at 2025-09-30StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued281,008,000at 2025-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued281,008,000at 2024-09-30StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued281,008,000at 2024-03-31vStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued281,008,000at 2023-09-30dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees15at 2025-09-30StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees15at 2025-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees35at 2024-09-30StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees23at 2024-03-31vStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees14at 2023-09-30dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 66
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentscapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥13m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsdepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥24m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥3.2bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥1.4bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥37.5bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥209m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30−¥2.2bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2025-09-30−¥46.6bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30−¥4m
Bankingreportable segmentcapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥1.5bn
Bankingreportable segmentdepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥1.6bn
Bankingreportable segmentrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥45.1bn
Bankingreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥787m
Bankingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥6.53T
Bankingreportable segmentsegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥12.1bn
Leasingreportable segmentcapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥776m
Leasingreportable segmentdepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥636m
Leasingreportable segmentrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥6.4bn
Leasingreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥56m
Leasingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥44.5bn
Leasingreportable segmentsegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥245m
—segment totalcapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥2.3bn
—segment totaldepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥2.2bn
—segment totalrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥51.5bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥843m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥6.57T
—segment totalsegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥12.3bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥2.3bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥2.3bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥54.7bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥2.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥6.61T
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥12.5bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentscapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥933m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥24m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥2.9bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥1.5bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥36.1bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥71m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30−¥2.4bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2024-09-30−¥42.3bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30−¥3m
Bankingreportable segmentcapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥1.6bn
Bankingreportable segmentdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥1.5bn
Bankingreportable segmentrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥37.2bn
Bankingreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥804m
Bankingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥6.30T
Bankingreportable segmentsegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥11.5bn
Leasingreportable segmentcapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥803m
Leasingreportable segmentdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥641m
Leasingreportable segmentrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥6.0bn
Leasingreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥57m
Leasingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥41.5bn
Leasingreportable segmentsegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥240m
—segment totalcapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥2.4bn
—segment totaldepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥2.2bn
—segment totalrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥43.2bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥862m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥6.34T
—segment totalsegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥11.7bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥3.3bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥2.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥46.0bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥2.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥6.38T
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥11.8bn

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,103
ItemContextValueUnit
Money held in trust assets bnkInterimInstant9045000000JPY
Securities assets bnkPrior1YearInstant716402000000JPY
Securities assets bnkInterimInstant776928000000JPY
Loans and bills discounted assets bnkPrior1YearInstant4680029000000JPY
Loans and bills discounted assets bnkInterimInstant4740884000000JPY
Foreign exchanges assets bnkPrior1YearInstant5862000000JPY
Foreign exchanges assets bnkInterimInstant5956000000JPY
Other assets assets bnkPrior1YearInstant91434000000JPY
Other assets assets bnkInterimInstant80025000000JPY
Property plant and equipmentPrior1YearInstant36572000000JPY
Property plant and equipmentInterimInstant36116000000JPY
Intangible assetsPrior1YearInstant3842000000JPY
Intangible assetsInterimInstant4158000000JPY
Net defined benefit assetPrior1YearInstant30578000000JPY
Net defined benefit assetInterimInstant30610000000JPY
Deferred tax assetsPrior1YearInstant1648000000JPY
Deferred tax assetsInterimInstant903000000JPY
Customers liabilities for acceptances and guarantees assets bnkPrior1YearInstant6920000000JPY
Customers liabilities for acceptances and guarantees assets bnkInterimInstant7012000000JPY
Allowance for loan losses assets bnkPrior1YearInstant-10295000000JPY
Allowance for loan losses assets bnkInterimInstant-9704000000JPY
AssetsPrior1YearInstant6431321000000JPY
AssetsInterimInstant6563376000000JPY
Deposits liabilities bnkPrior1YearInstant5702410000000JPY
Deposits liabilities bnkInterimInstant5812682000000JPY
Payables under securities lending transactions liabilities bnkPrior1YearInstant4396000000JPY
Payables under securities lending transactions liabilities bnkInterimInstant5184000000JPY
Borrowed money liabilities bnkPrior1YearInstant408343000000JPY
Borrowed money liabilities bnkInterimInstant411112000000JPY
Foreign exchanges liabilities bnkPrior1YearInstant846000000JPY
Foreign exchanges liabilities bnkInterimInstant672000000JPY
Borrowed money from trust account liabilities bnkPrior1YearInstant2644000000JPY
Borrowed money from trust account liabilities bnkInterimInstant2791000000JPY
Other liabilities liabilities bnkPrior1YearInstant62895000000JPY
Other liabilities liabilities bnkInterimInstant73102000000JPY
Provision for bonusesPrior1YearInstant1790000000JPY
Provision for bonusesInterimInstant1992000000JPY
Provision for directors bonusesPrior1YearInstant82000000JPY
Provision for directors bonusesInterimInstant31000000JPY
Net defined benefit liabilityPrior1YearInstant141000000JPY
Net defined benefit liabilityInterimInstant137000000JPY
Provision for directors retirement benefitsPrior1YearInstant4000000JPY
Provision for directors retirement benefitsInterimInstant4000000JPY
Provision for reimbursement of deposits liabilities bnkPrior1YearInstant74000000JPY
Provision for reimbursement of deposits liabilities bnkInterimInstant81000000JPY
Provision for contingent loss liabilities bnkPrior1YearInstant496000000JPY
Provision for contingent loss liabilities bnkInterimInstant564000000JPY
Reserves under the special laws2Prior1YearInstant15000000JPY
Reserves under the special laws2InterimInstant15000000JPY
Deferred tax liabilitiesPrior1YearInstant9000000JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 26 of 26 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2024-09-30pass rounding
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2025-09-30pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2025-09-30pass rounding
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2024-04-01/2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2025-04-01/2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2024-04-01/2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2025-04-01/2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2024-04-01/2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2025-04-01/2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2025-09-30pass