Half-year report · HY

Period2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30
Filed2025-11-27
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 111
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Ordinary income¥11.2bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥19.7bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥10.1bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥16.6bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥8.3bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥11.3bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥10.1bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥7.6bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥13.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥6.5bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥12.0bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥6.0bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥7.6bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥6.5bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥6.76Tat 2025-09-30Cons.Assets
Total assets¥6.85Tat 2025-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥6.82Tat 2024-09-30Cons.Assets
Total assets¥6.79Tat 2024-03-31vCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥6.71Tat 2023-09-30dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥6.46Tat 2025-09-30Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥6.58Tat 2025-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥6.52Tat 2024-09-30Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥303.1bnat 2025-09-30Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥277.8bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥299.7bnat 2024-09-30Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥298.6bnat 2024-03-31vCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥270.5bnat 2023-09-30dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥517.9bnat 2025-09-30Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥676.6bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥875.9bnat 2024-09-30Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥961.6bnat 2024-03-31vCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥1.12Tat 2023-09-30dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥127.5bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow−¥167.9bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥118.8bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow−¥26.1bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥75.0bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥27.8bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥111.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow¥36.7bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥91.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥34.1bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥3.5bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥5.4bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥3.6bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥3.6bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥2.3bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥241.272025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥429.022024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥206.732024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥379.082023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥187.452023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥9,649.77at 2025-09-30Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥8,845.47at 2025-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥9,541.74at 2024-09-30Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥9,404.25at 2024-03-31vCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥8,519.19at 2023-09-30dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio4.5%at 2025-09-30Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio4.0%at 2025-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio4.4%at 2024-09-30Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio4.4%at 2024-03-31vCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio4.0%at 2023-09-30dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Employees2,420at 2025-09-30Cons.Number of employees
Employees2,338at 2025-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees2,411at 2024-09-30Cons.Number of employees
Employees2,336at 2024-03-31vCons.Number of employees
Employees2,428at 2023-09-30dCons.Number of employees
Ordinary income¥11.0bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥19.1bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥9.8bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥15.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥8.2bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥11.0bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥9.8bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥7.6bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥13.3bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥6.5bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥11.8bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥6.1bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥6.74Tat 2025-09-30StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥6.83Tat 2025-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥6.80Tat 2024-09-30StandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥6.76Tat 2024-03-31vStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥6.69Tat 2023-09-30dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥6.45Tat 2025-09-30StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥6.57Tat 2025-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥290.2bnat 2025-09-30StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥264.9bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥287.8bnat 2024-09-30StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥286.8bnat 2024-03-31vStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥259.2bnat 2023-09-30dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥952025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1702024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥602024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1142023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥402023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio4.3%at 2025-09-30StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio3.9%at 2025-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio4.2%at 2024-09-30StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio4.2%at 2024-03-31vStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio3.9%at 2023-09-30dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Shares issued33,025,000at 2025-09-30StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued33,025,000at 2025-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued33,025,000at 2024-09-30StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued33,025,000at 2024-03-31vStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued33,025,000at 2023-09-30dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees2,226at 2025-09-30StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees2,139at 2025-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees2,204at 2024-09-30StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees2,095at 2024-03-31vStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees2,169at 2023-09-30dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 72
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentscapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥60m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsdepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥55m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥1.7bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥1.3bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥29.1bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥996m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingcapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30−¥37m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥3m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥146m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30−¥2.3bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2025-09-30−¥57.2bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30−¥783m
Bankingreportable segmentcapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥4.8bn
Bankingreportable segmentdepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥2.0bn
Bankingreportable segmentrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥47.6bn
Bankingreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥831m
Bankingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥6.74T
Bankingreportable segmentsegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥11.0bn
Leasingreportable segmentcapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥60m
Leasingreportable segmentdepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥58m
Leasingreportable segmentrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥5.9bn
Leasingreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥152m
Leasingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥46.6bn
Leasingreportable segmentsegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥18m
—segment totalcapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥4.8bn
—segment totaldepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥2.0bn
—segment totalrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥53.5bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥983m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥6.79T
—segment totalsegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥11.0bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥4.9bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥2.1bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥55.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥2.3bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥6.82T
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥12.0bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentscapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥65m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥51m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥1.6bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥1.4bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥29.6bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥966m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingcapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30−¥53m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥5m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥54m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30−¥2.2bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2024-09-30−¥51.9bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30−¥780m
Bankingreportable segmentcapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥5.8bn
Bankingreportable segmentdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥1.8bn
Bankingreportable segmentrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥42.9bn
Bankingreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥648m
Bankingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥6.80T
Bankingreportable segmentsegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥9.8bn
Leasingreportable segmentcapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥70m
Leasingreportable segmentdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥57m
Leasingreportable segmentrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥5.3bn
Leasingreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥185m
Leasingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥45.0bn
Leasingreportable segmentsegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥92m
—segment totalcapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥5.8bn
—segment totaldepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥1.8bn
—segment totalrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥48.2bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥833m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥6.84T
—segment totalsegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥9.9bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥5.9bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥1.9bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥49.8bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥2.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥6.87T
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥10.9bn

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,228
ItemContextValueUnit
Disposal of treasury stockInterimDuration_ShareholdersEquityMember1017000000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodInterimDuration_CapitalStockMember-JPY
Total changes of items during the periodInterimDuration_CapitalSurplusMember218000000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodInterimDuration_RetainedEarningsMember4109000000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodInterimDuration_TreasuryStockMember-203000000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodInterimDuration_ShareholdersEquityMember4125000000JPY
Net assetsInterimInstant_CapitalStockMember37924000000JPY
Net assetsInterimInstant_CapitalSurplusMember34968000000JPY
Net assetsInterimInstant_RetainedEarningsMember222199000000JPY
Net assetsInterimInstant_TreasuryStockMember-4817000000JPY
Net assetsInterimInstant_ShareholdersEquityMember290275000000JPY
Net assetsPrior1YearInstant_ValuationDifferenceOnAvailableForSaleSecuritiesMember-15267000000JPY
Net assetsPrior1YearInstant_DeferredGainsOrLossesOnHedgesMember6279000000JPY
Net assetsPrior1YearInstant_RemeasurementsOfDefinedBenefitPlansMember633000000JPY
Net assetsPrior1YearInstant_ValuationAndTranslationAdjustmentsMember-8354000000JPY
Net assetsPrior1YearInstant277795000000JPY
Dividends from surplusInterimDuration-3468000000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parentInterimDuration7578000000JPY
Purchase of treasury stockInterimDuration-1002000000JPY
Disposal of treasury stockInterimDuration1017000000JPY
Net changes of items other than shareholders equityInterimDuration_ValuationDifferenceOnAvailableForSaleSecuritiesMember19914000000JPY
Net changes of items other than shareholders equityInterimDuration_DeferredGainsOrLossesOnHedgesMember1293000000JPY
Net changes of items other than shareholders equityInterimDuration_RemeasurementsOfDefinedBenefitPlansMember3000000JPY
Net changes of items other than shareholders equityInterimDuration_ValuationAndTranslationAdjustmentsMember21211000000JPY
Net changes of items other than shareholders equityInterimDuration21211000000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodInterimDuration_ValuationDifferenceOnAvailableForSaleSecuritiesMember19914000000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodInterimDuration_DeferredGainsOrLossesOnHedgesMember1293000000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodInterimDuration_RemeasurementsOfDefinedBenefitPlansMember3000000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodInterimDuration_ValuationAndTranslationAdjustmentsMember21211000000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodInterimDuration25336000000JPY
Net assetsInterimInstant_ValuationDifferenceOnAvailableForSaleSecuritiesMember4646000000JPY
Net assetsInterimInstant_DeferredGainsOrLossesOnHedgesMember7573000000JPY
Net assetsInterimInstant_RemeasurementsOfDefinedBenefitPlansMember636000000JPY
Net assetsInterimInstant_ValuationAndTranslationAdjustmentsMember12856000000JPY
Net assetsInterimInstant303131000000JPY
Income before income taxesPrior1InterimDuration10054000000JPY
Income before income taxesInterimDuration11265000000JPY
Depreciation and amortization ope cfPrior1InterimDuration1879000000JPY
Depreciation and amortization ope cfInterimDuration2096000000JPY
Equity in earnings losses of affiliates ope cfPrior1InterimDuration8000000JPY
Equity in earnings losses of affiliates ope cfInterimDuration2000000JPY
Increase decrease in allowance for loan losses ope cfbnkPrior1InterimDuration260000000JPY
Increase decrease in allowance for loan losses ope cfbnkInterimDuration-655000000JPY
Increase decrease in net defined benefit liability ope cfPrior1InterimDuration-64000000JPY
Increase decrease in net defined benefit liability ope cfInterimDuration-151000000JPY
Increase decrease in provision for reimbursement of deposits ope cfbnkPrior1InterimDuration-21000000JPY
Increase decrease in provision for reimbursement of deposits ope cfbnkInterimDuration-33000000JPY
Increase decrease in provision for contingent loss ope cfbnkPrior1InterimDuration-83000000JPY
Increase decrease in provision for contingent loss ope cfbnkInterimDuration-20000000JPY
Provision for shere based compensation ope cfPrior1InterimDuration-2000000JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2024-09-30pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2025-09-30pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2025-09-30pass
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2024-04-01/2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2025-04-01/2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2024-04-01/2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2025-04-01/2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2025-09-30pass