Annual report
8306.TEDINET S100R4ZI
Period2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31
Filed2023-06-27
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks22 of 22 passed
Key figures · 146
| Metric | Value | Period | Scope | Source row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ordinary income | ¥1.02T | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥1.54T | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥1.05T | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥1.24T | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥1.35T | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥1.57T | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥1.49T | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Net income (owners) | ¥1.12T | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥1.13T | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥777.0bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥528.2bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥872.7bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥1.20T | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥1.21T | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Total assets | ¥386.80T | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥373.73T | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥359.47T | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥336.57T | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥311.14T | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥368.53T | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥355.74T | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥18.27T | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥17.99T | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥17.72T | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥16.86T | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥17.26T | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥113.63T | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥110.76T | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥102.98T | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥78.34T | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥74.21T | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥13.43T | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥9.84T | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥34.90T | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥8.06T | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥5.61T | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥10.68T | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥2.20T | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥10.14T | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥3.37T | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥5.63T | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥977.1bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥1.08T | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥436.1bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥251.7bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥484.4bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥90.72 | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥88.44 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥60.49 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥40.95 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥66.91 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥90.41 | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥88.05 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥60.25 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥40.7 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥66.61 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,433.11 | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,349.51 | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,308.12 | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,245.33 | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,252.02 | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 4.5% | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 4.5% | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 4.7% | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 4.8% | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 5.2% | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 6.5% | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 6.7% | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 4.7% | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 3.3% | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 5.4% | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 127,122 | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 135,049 | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 138,161 | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 138,570 | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 119,390 | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Revenue | ¥642.0bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Operating revenue1 |
| Revenue | ¥622.6bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Operating revenue1 |
| Revenue | ¥437.8bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Operating revenue1 (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥400.9bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Operating revenue1 (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥325.8bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Operating revenue1 (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥594.3bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥577.7bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥589.6bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥582.5bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥394.3bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥350.2bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥271.4bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥604.4bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥577.9bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Net income | ¥602.2bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥571.9bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥377.2bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥429.0bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥139.8bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥22.64T | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥19.98T | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥19.06T | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥18.65T | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥17.39T | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥14.23T | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥11.34T | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥8.41T | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥8.64T | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥8.55T | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥8.50T | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥8.41T | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥175.3bn | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥232.7bn | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| EPS (basic) | ¥48.93 | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥44.72 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥29.36 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥33.25 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥10.71 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥33.25 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥10.71 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥32 | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥28 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥25 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥25 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥22 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥699.57 | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥684.72 | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥665.91 | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥661.59 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥650.69 | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 37.1% | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 43.2% | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 44.9% | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 45.6% | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 48.4% | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 7.1% | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 6.7% | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 4.4% | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 5.1% | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 1.6% | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 12,687,710,920 | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 13,281,995,120 | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 13,581,995,120 | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 13,581,995,120 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 13,667,770,520 | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 3,117 | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 3,069 | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,726 | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,681 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,394 | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.
Segments · 2
| Segment | Item | Period | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Japanese Corporate And Investment Banking Business Groupgeography candidate | depreciation | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | ¥36.6bn |
| Japanese Corporate And Investment Banking Business Groupgeography candidate | employees | at 2023-03-31 | 6848 pure |
Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.
All source rows · 2,661
| Item | Context | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total assets (5-year summary) | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 19977035000000 | JPY |
| Total assets (5-year summary) | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 22642309000000 | JPY |
| Net assets per share (5-year summary) | Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 650.69 | |
| Net assets per share (5-year summary) | Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 661.59 | |
| Net assets per share (5-year summary) | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 665.91 | |
| Net assets per share (5-year summary) | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 684.72 | |
| Net assets per share (5-year summary) | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 699.57 | |
| Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) | Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 22.00 | |
| Interim dividend paid per share (5-year summary) | Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 11.00 | |
| Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) | Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 25.00 | |
| Interim dividend paid per share (5-year summary) | Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 12.50 | |
| Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) | Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 25.00 | |
| Interim dividend paid per share (5-year summary) | Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 12.50 | |
| Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 28.00 | |
| Interim dividend paid per share (5-year summary) | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 13.50 | |
| Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 32.00 | |
| Interim dividend paid per share (5-year summary) | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 16.00 | |
| Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) | Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 10.71 | |
| Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) | Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 33.25 | |
| Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) | Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 29.36 | |
| Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 44.72 | |
| Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 48.93 | |
| Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) | Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 10.71 | |
| Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) | Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 33.25 | |
| Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) | Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | － | |
| Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | － | |
| Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | － | |
| Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) | Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.4835 | |
| Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) | Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.4555 | |
| Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.4487 | |
| Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.4324 | |
| Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.3715 | |
| Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) | Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.0163 | |
| Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) | Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.0507 | |
| Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) | Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.0442 | |
| Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.0665 | |
| Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.0706 | |
| Price earnings ratio (5-year summary) | Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 51.32 | |
| Price earnings ratio (5-year summary) | Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 12.11 | |
| Price earnings ratio (5-year summary) | Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 20.15 | |
| Price earnings ratio (5-year summary) | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 17.00 | |
| Price earnings ratio (5-year summary) | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 17.32 | |
| Payout ratio (5-year summary) | Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 2.0531 | |
| Payout ratio (5-year summary) | Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.7516 | |
| Payout ratio (5-year summary) | Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.8513 | |
| Payout ratio (5-year summary) | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.6260 | |
| Payout ratio (5-year summary) | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.6539 | |
| Number of employees | Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 2394 | |
| Number of employees | Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 2681 | |
| Number of employees | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 2726 |
Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.
Data checks · 22 of 22 passed
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| dei present | pass |
| period resolution | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |