Annual report
8198.TEDINET S100QT2S
Period2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28
Filed2023-05-25
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks20 of 24 passed
Key figures · 162
| Metric | Value | Period | Scope | Source row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | ¥343.6bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥351.1bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Operating revenue1 |
| Revenue | ¥348.6bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥354.9bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Operating revenue1 |
| Revenue | ¥355.9bn | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Operating revenue1 (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥271.5bn | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Operating revenue1 (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥226.5bn | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Operating revenue1 (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥10.3bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥11.3bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥10.3bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥11.2bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥11.7bn | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥7.0bn | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥4.9bn | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥9.4bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥10.1bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Net income (owners) | ¥6.2bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥7.6bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥5.3bn | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥2.9bn | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥2.8bn | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥6.2bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥7.5bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Total assets | ¥119.4bn | at 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥117.2bn | at 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥130.8bn | at 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥119.9bn | at 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥73.8bn | at 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥45.6bn | at 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥47.8bn | at 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥73.8bn | at 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥69.4bn | at 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥74.3bn | at 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥70.7bn | at 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥49.9bn | at 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥13.2bn | at 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥14.2bn | at 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥31.1bn | at 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥29.9bn | at 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥41.6bn | at 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥31.1bn | at 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥17.0bn | at 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥10.5bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥6.4bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥18.8bn | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥5.0bn | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥5.6bn | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥7.1bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥5.4bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥5.9bn | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | ¥2.1bn | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥3.8bn | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥2.2bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥12.9bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥2.3bn | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥1.5bn | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥896m | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥193.82 | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥210.53 | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥146.07 | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥108.61 | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥156.29 | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥193.57 | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥210.19 | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥145.79 | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥108.42 | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥156.06 | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,315.12 | at 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,178.12 | at 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,041.96 | at 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,941.73 | at 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,790.41 | at 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 61.7% | at 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 59.2% | at 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 56.7% | at 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 58.8% | at 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 67.4% | at 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 8.6% | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 10.6% | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 7.3% | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 4.9% | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 5.7% | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 2,693 | at 2023-02-28 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,659 | at 2022-02-28 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,801 | at 2021-02-28d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,726 | at 2020-02-29d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,702 | at 2019-02-28d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Revenue | ¥338.6bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥346.1bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Operating revenue1 |
| Revenue | ¥344.2bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥350.4bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Operating revenue1 |
| Revenue | ¥350.3bn | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Standalone | Operating revenue1 (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥265.9bn | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Standalone | Operating revenue1 (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥221.7bn | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Standalone | Operating revenue1 (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥10.3bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥11.5bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥10.3bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥11.4bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥12.0bn | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥7.3bn | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥5.4bn | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥9.3bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥9.9bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Net income | ¥6.1bn | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥7.3bn | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥5.1bn | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥2.3bn | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥2.6bn | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥117.6bn | at 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥115.0bn | at 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥128.5bn | at 2021-02-28d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥117.1bn | at 2020-02-29d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥72.8bn | at 2019-02-28d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥44.3bn | at 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥46.0bn | at 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥73.3bn | at 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥69.0bn | at 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥74.0bn | at 2021-02-28d | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥70.7bn | at 2020-02-29d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥50.0bn | at 2019-02-28d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥12.1bn | at 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥12.3bn | at 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| EPS (basic) | ¥191.86 | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥203 | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥140.25 | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥83.48 | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥146.27 | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥191.61 | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥202.67 | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥139.98 | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥83.33 | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥146.06 | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥57 | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥57 | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥50 | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥47 | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥47 | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,299.79 | at 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,164.99 | at 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,036.29 | at 2021-02-28d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,943.25 | at 2020-02-29d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,802.66 | at 2019-02-28d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 62.3% | at 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 59.9% | at 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 57.5% | at 2021-02-28d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 60.2% | at 2020-02-29d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 68.6% | at 2019-02-28d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 8.6% | 2022-03-01 → 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 10.3% | 2021-03-01 → 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 7.0% | 2020-03-01 → 2021-02-28d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 3.7% | 2019-03-01 → 2020-02-29d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 5.3% | 2018-03-01 → 2019-02-28d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 31,973,000 | at 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 31,973,000 | at 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 36,473,000 | at 2021-02-28d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 36,473,000 | at 2020-02-29d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 17,883,000 | at 2019-02-28d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 2,495 | at 2023-02-28 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,437 | at 2022-02-28 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,410 | at 2021-02-28d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,336 | at 2020-02-29d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,446 | at 2019-02-28d | Standalone | Number of employees |
Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.
All source rows · 1,476
| Item | Context | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lease obligations ncl | CurrentYearInstant | 1644000000 | JPY |
| Asset retirement obligations ncl | Prior1YearInstant | 3953000000 | JPY |
| Asset retirement obligations ncl | CurrentYearInstant | 4008000000 | JPY |
| Long term guarantee deposited | Prior1YearInstant | 3316000000 | JPY |
| Long term guarantee deposited | CurrentYearInstant | 3199000000 | JPY |
| Other ncl | Prior1YearInstant | 383000000 | JPY |
| Other ncl | CurrentYearInstant | 344000000 | JPY |
| Noncurrent liabilities | Prior1YearInstant | 9751000000 | JPY |
| Noncurrent liabilities | CurrentYearInstant | 9322000000 | JPY |
| Liabilities | Prior1YearInstant | 47752000000 | JPY |
| Liabilities | CurrentYearInstant | 45619000000 | JPY |
| Capital stock | Prior1YearInstant | 2267000000 | JPY |
| Capital stock | CurrentYearInstant | 2267000000 | JPY |
| Capital surplus | Prior1YearInstant | 11343000000 | JPY |
| Capital surplus | CurrentYearInstant | 11335000000 | JPY |
| Retained earnings | Prior1YearInstant | 56476000000 | JPY |
| Retained earnings | CurrentYearInstant | 60831000000 | JPY |
| Treasury stock | Prior1YearInstant | -349000000 | JPY |
| Treasury stock | CurrentYearInstant | -326000000 | JPY |
| Shareholders equity | Prior1YearInstant | 69738000000 | JPY |
| Shareholders equity | CurrentYearInstant | 74108000000 | JPY |
| Valuation difference on available for sale securities | Prior1YearInstant | 21000000 | JPY |
| Valuation difference on available for sale securities | CurrentYearInstant | 27000000 | JPY |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | Prior1YearInstant | 112000000 | JPY |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | CurrentYearInstant | 37000000 | JPY |
| Remeasurements of defined benefit plans | Prior1YearInstant | -553000000 | JPY |
| Remeasurements of defined benefit plans | CurrentYearInstant | -471000000 | JPY |
| Valuation and translation adjustments | Prior1YearInstant | -419000000 | JPY |
| Valuation and translation adjustments | CurrentYearInstant | -406000000 | JPY |
| Subscription rights to shares | Prior1YearInstant | 73000000 | JPY |
| Subscription rights to shares | CurrentYearInstant | 69000000 | JPY |
| Non controlling interests | Prior1YearInstant | 35000000 | JPY |
| Non controlling interests | CurrentYearInstant | － | JPY |
| Net assets | Prior1YearInstant | 69428000000 | JPY |
| Net assets | CurrentYearInstant | 73772000000 | JPY |
| Liabilities and net assets | Prior1YearInstant | 117181000000 | JPY |
| Liabilities and net assets | CurrentYearInstant | 119391000000 | JPY |
| Net sales | Prior1YearDuration | 348649000000 | JPY |
| Net sales | CurrentYearDuration | 343557000000 | JPY |
| Other operating revenue2 rev oa | Prior1YearDuration | 6257000000 | JPY |
| Other operating revenue2 rev oa | CurrentYearDuration | 7550000000 | JPY |
| Operating revenue1 | Prior1YearDuration | 354907000000 | JPY |
| Operating revenue1 | CurrentYearDuration | 351107000000 | JPY |
| Cost of sales | Prior1YearDuration | 253103000000 | JPY |
| Cost of sales | CurrentYearDuration | 250808000000 | JPY |
| Gross profit | Prior1YearDuration | 95546000000 | JPY |
| Gross profit | CurrentYearDuration | 92749000000 | JPY |
| Operating gross profit | Prior1YearDuration | 101803000000 | JPY |
| Operating gross profit | CurrentYearDuration | 100299000000 | JPY |
| Selling general and administrative expenses | Prior1YearDuration | 90507000000 | JPY |
Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.
Data checks · 20 of 24 passed
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| dei present | pass |
| period resolution | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | mismatch |
| statement vs summary · revenue | mismatch |
| statement vs summary · revenue | mismatch |
| statement vs summary · revenue | mismatch |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |