Annual report
7956.TEDINET S100Q87L
Period2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31
Filed2023-02-14
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks21 of 22 passed
Amends S100L38X.
Key figures · 70
| Metric | Value | Period | Scope | Source row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | ¥99.4bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥100.0bn | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Operating income | ¥15.3bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥17.1bn | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥16.1bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥17.3bn | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Profit before tax | ¥15.8bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥17.1bn | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Net income (owners) | ¥10.6bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥11.5bn | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income | ¥10.9bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥11.8bn | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Total assets | ¥93.5bn | at 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥90.5bn | at 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total liabilities | ¥20.8bn | at 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥20.0bn | at 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥72.6bn | at 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥70.5bn | at 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Cash and deposits | ¥37.2bn | at 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥32.4bn | at 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥37.0bn | at 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥32.4bn | at 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Operating cash flow | ¥18.4bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥14.1bn | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥3.8bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥4.0bn | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥9.2bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥8.7bn | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| EPS (basic) | ¥88.93 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥96.37 | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥584.3 | at 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥565.64 | at 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 74.8% | at 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 74.8% | at 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 15.5% | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 17.5% | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 3,886 | at 2020-12-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 3,954 | at 2019-12-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Revenue | ¥39.6bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥39.0bn | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Operating income | ¥1.1bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥2.4bn | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥9.8bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥10.6bn | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Profit before tax | ¥9.2bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥10.7bn | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Net income | ¥7.9bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥9.4bn | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Total assets | ¥48.0bn | at 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥47.2bn | at 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total liabilities | ¥13.0bn | at 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥11.1bn | at 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥35.1bn | at 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥36.1bn | at 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Cash and deposits | ¥15.8bn | at 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥13.3bn | at 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| EPS (basic) | ¥66 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥78.58 | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥72 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥70 | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥293.19 | at 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥301.37 | at 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 73.0% | at 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 76.5% | at 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 22.2% | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 26.4% | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 121,653,486 | at 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 121,653,486 | at 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 373 | at 2020-12-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 361 | at 2019-12-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.
Segments · 87
| Segment | Item | Period | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reconciling Itemsreconciling | capex | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥182m |
| Reconciling Itemsreconciling | depreciation | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥567m |
| Reconciling Itemsreconciling | revenue | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | −¥8.0bn |
| Reconciling Itemsreconciling | revenue intersegment | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | −¥8.0bn |
| Reconciling Itemsreconciling | segment assets | at 2020-12-31 | ¥39.6bn |
| Reconciling Itemsreconciling | segment profit | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | −¥3.3bn |
| Chinareportable segment | capex | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥1.4bn |
| Chinareportable segment | depreciation | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥1.1bn |
| Chinareportable segment | employees | at 2020-12-31 | 607 pure |
| Chinareportable segment | revenue | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥37.7bn |
| Chinareportable segment | revenue external | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥37.5bn |
| Chinareportable segment | revenue intersegment | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥259m |
| Chinareportable segment | segment assets | at 2020-12-31 | ¥15.8bn |
| Chinareportable segment | segment profit | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥12.6bn |
| Japanreportable segment | capex | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥671m |
| Japanreportable segment | depreciation | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥992m |
| Japanreportable segment | employees | at 2020-12-31 | 1272 pure |
| Japanreportable segment | revenue | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥45.0bn |
| Japanreportable segment | revenue external | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥42.2bn |
| Japanreportable segment | revenue intersegment | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥2.8bn |
| Japanreportable segment | segment assets | at 2020-12-31 | ¥22.8bn |
| Japanreportable segment | segment profit | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥3.0bn |
| Lansinohreportable segment | capex | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥158m |
| Lansinohreportable segment | depreciation | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥174m |
| Lansinohreportable segment | employees | at 2020-12-31 | 270 pure |
| Lansinohreportable segment | revenue | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥12.5bn |
| Lansinohreportable segment | revenue external | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥12.5bn |
| Lansinohreportable segment | revenue intersegment | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥4m |
| Lansinohreportable segment | segment assets | at 2020-12-31 | ¥6.2bn |
| Lansinohreportable segment | segment profit | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥1.4bn |
| Singaporereportable segment | capex | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥1.7bn |
| Singaporereportable segment | depreciation | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥940m |
| Singaporereportable segment | employees | at 2020-12-31 | 1673 pure |
| Singaporereportable segment | revenue | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥12.2bn |
| Singaporereportable segment | revenue external | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥7.3bn |
| Singaporereportable segment | revenue intersegment | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥4.9bn |
| Singaporereportable segment | segment assets | at 2020-12-31 | ¥9.1bn |
| Singaporereportable segment | segment profit | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥1.6bn |
| Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment total | capex | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥4.0bn |
| Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment total | depreciation | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥3.2bn |
| Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment total | revenue | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥107.4bn |
| Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment total | revenue external | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥99.4bn |
| Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment total | revenue intersegment | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥8.0bn |
| Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment total | segment assets | at 2020-12-31 | ¥53.9bn |
| Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment total | segment profit | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31 | ¥18.6bn |
| Reconciling Itemsreconciling | capex | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥229m |
| Reconciling Itemsreconciling | depreciation | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥516m |
| Reconciling Itemsreconciling | revenue | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | −¥8.7bn |
| Reconciling Itemsreconciling | revenue intersegment | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | −¥8.7bn |
| Reconciling Itemsreconciling | segment assets | at 2019-12-31 | ¥35.0bn |
| Reconciling Itemsreconciling | segment profit | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | −¥3.5bn |
| Chinareportable segment | capex | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥1.4bn |
| Chinareportable segment | depreciation | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥1.0bn |
| Chinareportable segment | revenue | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥37.4bn |
| Chinareportable segment | revenue external | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥36.7bn |
| Chinareportable segment | revenue intersegment | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥621m |
| Chinareportable segment | segment assets | at 2019-12-31 | ¥15.9bn |
| Chinareportable segment | segment profit | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥12.7bn |
| Japanreportable segment | capex | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥1.0bn |
| Japanreportable segment | depreciation | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥902m |
| Japanreportable segment | revenue | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥44.6bn |
| Japanreportable segment | revenue external | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥42.2bn |
| Japanreportable segment | revenue intersegment | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥2.4bn |
| Japanreportable segment | segment assets | at 2019-12-31 | ¥24.5bn |
| Japanreportable segment | segment profit | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥4.1bn |
| Lansinohreportable segment | capex | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥318m |
| Lansinohreportable segment | depreciation | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥130m |
| Lansinohreportable segment | revenue | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥13.2bn |
| Lansinohreportable segment | revenue external | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥13.0bn |
| Lansinohreportable segment | revenue intersegment | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥169m |
| Lansinohreportable segment | segment assets | at 2019-12-31 | ¥5.7bn |
| Lansinohreportable segment | segment profit | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥1.8bn |
| Singaporereportable segment | capex | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥1.1bn |
| Singaporereportable segment | depreciation | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥1.0bn |
| Singaporereportable segment | revenue | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥13.6bn |
| Singaporereportable segment | revenue external | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥8.1bn |
| Singaporereportable segment | revenue intersegment | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥5.5bn |
| Singaporereportable segment | segment assets | at 2019-12-31 | ¥9.4bn |
| Singaporereportable segment | segment profit | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥2.0bn |
| Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment total | capex | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥3.8bn |
| Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment total | depreciation | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥3.1bn |
| Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment total | revenue | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥108.7bn |
| Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment total | revenue external | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥100.0bn |
| Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment total | revenue intersegment | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥8.7bn |
| Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment total | segment assets | at 2019-12-31 | ¥55.5bn |
| Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment total | segment profit | 2019-02-01 → 2019-12-31 | ¥20.6bn |
| Japanreportable segment | employees | at 2020-12-31 | 309 pure |
Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.
All source rows · 1,675
| Item | Context | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average number of temporary workers | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 102 | |
| Average age years information about reporting company information about employees | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 42.6 | |
| Average length of service years information about reporting company information about employees | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 15.0 | |
| Average annual salary information about reporting company information about employees | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 8084596 | JPY |
| Number of employees | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000JapanReportableSegmentMember | 309 | |
| Average number of temporary workers | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000JapanReportableSegmentMember | 100 | |
| Number of employees | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000ChinaReportableSegmentMember | － | |
| Average number of temporary workers | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000ChinaReportableSegmentMember | － | |
| Number of employees | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000SingaporeReportableSegmentMember | － | |
| Average number of temporary workers | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000SingaporeReportableSegmentMember | － | |
| Number of employees | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000LansinohReportableSegmentMember | － | |
| Average number of temporary workers | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000LansinohReportableSegmentMember | － | |
| Number of employees | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_CorporateSharedMember | 64 | |
| Average number of temporary workers | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_CorporateSharedMember | 2 | |
| Number of employees | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 373 | |
| Average number of temporary workers | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 102 | |
| Research and development expenses research and development activities | CurrentYearDuration | 3115000000 | JPY |
| Research and development expenses research and development activities | CurrentYearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000JapanReportableSegmentMember | 1933000000 | JPY |
| Research and development expenses research and development activities | CurrentYearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000ChinaReportableSegmentMember | 593000000 | JPY |
| Research and development expenses research and development activities | CurrentYearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000SingaporeReportableSegmentMember | 230000000 | JPY |
| Research and development expenses research and development activities | CurrentYearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000LansinohReportableSegmentMember | 359000000 | JPY |
| Capital expenditures overview of capital expenditures etc | CurrentYearDuration | 4185000000 | JPY |
| Capital expenditures overview of capital expenditures etc | CurrentYearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000JapanReportableSegmentMember | 671000000 | JPY |
| Capital expenditures overview of capital expenditures etc | CurrentYearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000ChinaReportableSegmentMember | 1436000000 | JPY |
| Capital expenditures overview of capital expenditures etc | CurrentYearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000SingaporeReportableSegmentMember | 1735000000 | JPY |
| Capital expenditures overview of capital expenditures etc | CurrentYearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E02404-000LansinohReportableSegmentMember | 158000000 | JPY |
| Number of issued shares as of fiscal year end issued shares total number of shares etc | FilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 121653486 | |
| Number of issued shares as of filing date issued shares total number of shares etc | FilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 121653486 | |
| Number of issued shares as of fiscal year end issued shares total number of shares etc | FilingDateInstant | 121653486 | |
| Number of issued shares as of filing date issued shares total number of shares etc | FilingDateInstant | 121653486 | |
| Number of shares constituting one unit | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 100 | |
| Number of shareholders national and local governments | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | － | |
| Number of shareholders financial institutions | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 64 | |
| Number of shareholders financial service providers | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 39 | |
| Number of shareholders other corporations | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 128 | |
| Number of shareholders foreign investors other than individuals | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 607 | |
| Number of shareholders foreign individual investors | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 13 | |
| Number of shareholders individuals and others | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 10725 | |
| Number of shareholders total | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 11576 | |
| Number of shares held number of units national and local governments | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | － | |
| Number of shares held number of units financial institutions | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 382281 | |
| Number of shares held number of units financial service providers | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 20884 | |
| Number of shares held number of units other corporations | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 57614 | |
| Number of shares held number of units foreign investors other than individuals | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 627421 | |
| Number of shares held number of units foreign individual investors | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 56 | |
| Number of shares held number of units individuals and others | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 127713 | |
| Number of shares held number of units total | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 1215969 | |
| Number of shares held shares less than one unit | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 56586 | |
| Percentage of shareholdings national and local governments | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | － | |
| Percentage of shareholdings financial institutions | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 0.3144 |
Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.
Data checks · 21 of 22 passed
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| dei present | pass |
| period resolution | partial |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |