Annual report
7947.TEDINET S100R77A
Period2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31
Filed2023-06-29
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
| Metric | Value | Period | Scope | Source row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | ¥211.3bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥195.7bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥187.5bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥186.3bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥181.2bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥16.7bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥15.9bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥17.3bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥16.7bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥19.4bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥16.3bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥14.9bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥16.9bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥16.5bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Net income (owners) | ¥11.5bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥11.2bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥12.2bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥10.8bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥9.9bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥11.6bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥11.3bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Total assets | ¥298.6bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥262.7bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥247.2bn | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥242.5bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥249.3bn | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥158.5bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥130.2bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥140.2bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥132.5bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥125.0bn | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥119.3bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥112.2bn | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥22.3bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥19.7bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥22.3bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥19.7bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥17.9bn | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥20.3bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥19.2bn | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥20.1bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥23.1bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥31.8bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥27.8bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥25.5bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥34.3bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥22.9bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥19.1bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥11.0bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥17.1bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | ¥16.7bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | ¥1.6bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥15.1bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥15.6bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥4.9bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥140.87 | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥136.96 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥147.8 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥130.36 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥119.75 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,703.56 | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,610.11 | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,520.06 | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,436.07 | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,351.67 | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 46.7% | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 50.2% | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 50.3% | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 49.0% | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 44.8% | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 8.5% | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 8.8% | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 10.0% | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 9.4% | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 9.1% | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 4,876 | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 4,792 | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 4,753 | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 4,484 | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 4,439 | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Revenue | ¥171.6bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥158.2bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥151.4bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥150.0bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥145.5bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥9.5bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥9.9bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥12.5bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥16.5bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥13.9bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥12.3bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥11.6bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥12.6bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥16.5bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Net income | ¥9.5bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥13.2bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥9.5bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥8.7bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥8.4bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥272.9bn | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥238.6bn | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥223.3bn | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥220.5bn | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥226.7bn | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥159.3bn | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥130.5bn | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥113.7bn | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥108.1bn | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥98.6bn | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥95.9bn | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥91.0bn | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥21.0bn | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥18.4bn | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| EPS (basic) | ¥116.6 | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥161.77 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥114.63 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥105.36 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥101.5 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥47 | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥47 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥65 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥81 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥81 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,388.68 | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,321.39 | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,205.71 | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,159.89 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,101.07 | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 41.6% | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 45.3% | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 44.2% | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 43.5% | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 40.2% | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 8.6% | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 12.8% | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 9.7% | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 9.3% | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 9.5% | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 84,568,000 | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 84,568,000 | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 84,568,000 | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 44,284,000 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 44,284,000 | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 979 | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 962 | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 944 | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 885 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 848 | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.
All source rows · 1,672
| Item | Context | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shareholding ratio | CurrentYearInstant_No5MajorShareholdersMember | 0.0215 | |
| Number of shares held | CurrentYearInstant_No6MajorShareholdersMember | 1579000 | |
| Shareholding ratio | CurrentYearInstant_No6MajorShareholdersMember | 0.0193 | |
| Number of shares held | CurrentYearInstant_No7MajorShareholdersMember | 1273000 | |
| Shareholding ratio | CurrentYearInstant_No7MajorShareholdersMember | 0.0156 | |
| Number of shares held | CurrentYearInstant_No8MajorShareholdersMember | 1200000 | |
| Shareholding ratio | CurrentYearInstant_No8MajorShareholdersMember | 0.0147 | |
| Number of shares held | CurrentYearInstant_No9MajorShareholdersMember | 1102000 | |
| Shareholding ratio | CurrentYearInstant_No9MajorShareholdersMember | 0.0135 | |
| Number of shares held | CurrentYearInstant_No10MajorShareholdersMember | 1067000 | |
| Shareholding ratio | CurrentYearInstant_No10MajorShareholdersMember | 0.0130 | |
| Number of shares held | CurrentYearInstant | 54609000 | |
| Shareholding ratio | CurrentYearInstant | 0.6672 | |
| Number of shares issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant_SharesWithNoVotingRightsMember | － | |
| Number of shares issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant_SharesWithRestrictedVotingRightsTreasurySharesEtcMember | － | |
| Number of shares issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant_SharesWithRestrictedVotingRightsOtherMember | － | |
| Number of voting rights issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant_SharesWithRestrictedVotingRightsOtherMember | － | |
| Number of shares issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinarySharesTreasurySharesSharesWithFullVotingRightsTreasurySharesEtcMember | 2720500 | |
| Number of shares issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinarySharesSharesWithFullVotingRightsOtherMember | 81838200 | |
| Number of voting rights issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinarySharesSharesWithFullVotingRightsOtherMember | 818382 | |
| Number of shares issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinarySharesSharesLessThanOneUnitMember | 9724 | |
| Number of shares issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant | 84568424 | |
| Number of voting rights issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant | 818382 | |
| Number of shares held in own name treasury shares etc | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | 2720500 | |
| Number of shares held in others names treasury shares etc | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | － | |
| Total number of shares held treasury shares etc | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | 2720500 | |
| Shareholding ratio treasury shares etc | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | 0.0322 | |
| Number of shares held in own name treasury shares etc | CurrentYearInstant | 2720500 | |
| Number of shares held in others names treasury shares etc | CurrentYearInstant | － | |
| Total number of shares held treasury shares etc | CurrentYearInstant | 2720500 | |
| Shareholding ratio treasury shares etc | CurrentYearInstant | 0.0322 | |
| Total amount of dividends dividends of surplus | FilingDateInstant_Row1Member | 1759000000 | JPY |
| Dividend per share dividends of surplus | FilingDateInstant_Row1Member | 21.50 | |
| Total amount of dividends dividends of surplus | FilingDateInstant_Row2Member | 2087000000 | JPY |
| Dividend per share dividends of surplus | FilingDateInstant_Row2Member | 25.50 | |
| Number of male directors and other officers | FilingDateInstant | 16 | |
| Number of female directors and other officers | FilingDateInstant | 1 | |
| Ratio of female directors and other officers | FilingDateInstant | 0.059 | |
| Number of shares held ordinary shares information about directors and corporate auditors | FilingDateInstant_jpcrp030000-asr_E02412-000SatoMorimasaMember | 165000 | |
| Number of shares held ordinary shares information about directors and corporate auditors | FilingDateInstant_jpcrp030000-asr_E02412-000YasudaKazuyukiMember | 21000 | |
| Number of shares held ordinary shares information about directors and corporate auditors | FilingDateInstant_jpcrp030000-asr_E02412-000TakahashiMasanobuMember | 21000 | |
| Number of shares held ordinary shares information about directors and corporate auditors | FilingDateInstant_jpcrp030000-asr_E02412-000NagaiNobuyukiMember | 6000 | |
| Number of shares held ordinary shares information about directors and corporate auditors | FilingDateInstant_jpcrp030000-asr_E02412-000IkegamiIsaoMember | 16000 | |
| Number of shares held ordinary shares information about directors and corporate auditors | FilingDateInstant_jpcrp030000-asr_E02412-000OgawaHiroshiMember | 5000 | |
| Number of shares held ordinary shares information about directors and corporate auditors | FilingDateInstant_jpcrp030000-asr_E02412-000OkaKojiMember | 12000 | |
| Number of shares held ordinary shares information about directors and corporate auditors | FilingDateInstant_jpcrp030000-asr_E02412-000NishimuraKimikoMember | 6000 | |
| Number of shares held ordinary shares information about directors and corporate auditors | FilingDateInstant_jpcrp030000-asr_E02412-000KobayashiKenjiMember | 12000 | |
| Number of shares held ordinary shares information about directors and corporate auditors | FilingDateInstant_jpcrp030000-asr_E02412-000FukiyamaIwaoMember | 4000 | |
| Number of shares held ordinary shares information about directors and corporate auditors | FilingDateInstant_jpcrp030000-asr_E02412-000NagaoHidetoshiMember | 26000 | |
| Number of shares held ordinary shares information about directors and corporate auditors | FilingDateInstant_jpcrp030000-asr_E02412-000SueyoshiTakejiroMember | 8000 |
Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.
Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| dei present | pass |
| period resolution | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |