Annual report

Period2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31
Filed2024-06-28
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 143
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥15.4bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥15.5bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥14.2bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥13.0bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥15.9bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥47m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥214m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥22m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥94m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income−¥275m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income−¥485m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥140m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax−¥114m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥65m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)−¥149m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥31m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)−¥306m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)−¥579m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥116m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income−¥149m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥31m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥8.6bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥8.7bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥8.2bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥8.6bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥9.4bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥7.0bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥7.1bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥1.6bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥1.6bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥1.2bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥1.3bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥1.9bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥2.1bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥1.8bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥2.1bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥1.8bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥2.0bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥2.4bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥1.5bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥507m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥99m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥84m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥100m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥198m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥135m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥255m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥145m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow¥291m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥280m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥140m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥137m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥504m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥716m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥129m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-113.282023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥27.312022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-304.952021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-576.162020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥115.762019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,191.35at 2024-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,222.09at 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,222.26at 2022-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,324.58at 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,922.07at 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio18.3%at 2024-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio18.5%at 2023-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio15.0%at 2022-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio15.4%at 2021-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio20.5%at 2020-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE-9.4%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE2.2%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE-24.0%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE-35.5%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE6.1%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees928at 2024-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees1,004at 2023-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees985at 2022-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees1,084at 2021-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees1,275at 2020-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥6.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥5.9bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥5.8bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥5.6bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥7.6bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥134m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income−¥2m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥173m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥90m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥17m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income−¥62m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥245m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥176m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥16m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥148m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥5m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥2m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income−¥398m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥199m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥6.4bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥6.1bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥6.2bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥6.7bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥6.9bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥4.6bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥4.5bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥1.7bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥1.6bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥1.4bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥1.4bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥1.8bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥1000mat 2024-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥525mat 2023-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥112.192023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥4.172022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥1.892021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-395.852020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥198.52019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,323.25at 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,205.5at 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,373.23at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,371.81at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,760.93at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio27.3%at 2024-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio25.9%at 2023-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio22.1%at 2022-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio20.6%at 2021-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio25.6%at 2020-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE8.9%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE0.3%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE0.1%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE-25.3%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE11.9%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,332,000at 2024-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,332,000at 2023-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,017,000at 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,017,000at 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,017,000at 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees90at 2024-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees86at 2023-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees91at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees103at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees106at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 52
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31−¥979,000
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31−¥979,000
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥1.0bn
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥11m
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥11m
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentemployeesat 2024-03-3115 pure
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.8bn
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.8bn
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥20,000
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥1.6bn
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥209m
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥238m
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥241m
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentemployeesat 2024-03-31887 pure
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥12.6bn
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥12.6bn
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥958,000
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥6.0bn
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31−¥162m
—segment totalcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥248m
—segment totaldepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥252m
—segment totalrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥15.4bn
—segment totalrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥15.4bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥979,000
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥7.5bn
—segment totalsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥47m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥4m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥4m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥558m
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥8m
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥9m
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥2.2bn
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥2.2bn
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥2m
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥1.3bn
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥46m
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥290m
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥214m
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥13.3bn
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥13.3bn
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥3m
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥6.8bn
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥168m
—segment totalcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥298m
—segment totaldepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥223m
—segment totalrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥15.5bn
—segment totalrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥15.5bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥4m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥8.1bn
—segment totalsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥214m
Logistics Equipmentreportable segmentemployeesat 2024-03-3115 pure
Plastic Moldingreportable segmentemployeesat 2024-03-3149 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,565
ItemContextValueUnit
Number of employeesPrior4YearInstant1275
Number of employeesPrior3YearInstant1084
Number of employeesPrior2YearInstant985
Number of employeesPrior1YearInstant1004
Number of employeesCurrentYearInstant928
Average number of temporary workersPrior4YearInstant450
Average number of temporary workersPrior3YearInstant371
Average number of temporary workersPrior2YearInstant368
Average number of temporary workersPrior1YearInstant365
Average number of temporary workersCurrentYearInstant333
Net sales (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember7579180000JPY
Net sales (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember5614346000JPY
Net sales (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember5789277000JPY
Net sales (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember5864264000JPY
Net sales (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember6337415000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember244773000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember-61654000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember16821000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember89746000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember172967000JPY
Net income loss (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember199422000JPY
Net income loss (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember-397636000JPY
Net income loss (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember1895000JPY
Net income loss (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember4687000JPY
Net income loss (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember148025000JPY
Capital stock (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember927623000JPY
Capital stock (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember927623000JPY
Capital stock (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember927623000JPY
Capital stock (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1029998000JPY
Capital stock (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1029998000JPY
Total number of issued shares (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1017000
Total number of issued shares (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1017000
Total number of issued shares (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1017000
Total number of issued shares (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1332000
Total number of issued shares (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1332000
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1768917000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1377967000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1379397000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1590563000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1745924000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember6911296000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember6688782000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember6235186000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember6129565000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember6390970000JPY
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1760.93
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1371.81
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1373.23
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1205.50
Net assets per share (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1323.25

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2023-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass