Annual report

Period2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31
Filed2023-06-30
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥23.1bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥18.7bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥20.1bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥22.5bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥23.6bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥1.1bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥549m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥1.1bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥589m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥636m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥748m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥803m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥940m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥589m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥600m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥396m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥430m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥472m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥533m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥600m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥396m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥21.3bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥18.4bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥18.3bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥18.6bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥19.9bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥9.0bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥6.6bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥12.3bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥11.9bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥11.6bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥11.1bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥10.9bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥5.9bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥7.6bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥2.9bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥4.6bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥4.0bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥4.1bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥3.9bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥1.4bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥864m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥48m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥475m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥535m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥210m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥20m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥35m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥163m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥13m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥157m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥183m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥133m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥146m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥106m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥262.192022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥172.872021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥187.92020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥206.162019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥232.752018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥5,391.45at 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥5,186.58at 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥5,076.12at 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥4,866.4at 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥4,759.8at 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio57.9%at 2023-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio64.4%at 2022-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio63.5%at 2021-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio59.8%at 2020-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio54.6%at 2019-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE5.0%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.4%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.8%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE4.3%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.0%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees186at 2023-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees183at 2022-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees185at 2021-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees179at 2020-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees178at 2019-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥22.5bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥18.1bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥19.6bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥22.1bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥23.1bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥1.0bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥469m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥1.0bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥508m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥566m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥711m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥760m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥845m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥508m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥515m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥330m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥376m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥429m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥504m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥20.8bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥18.0bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥18.0bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥18.3bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥19.6bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥8.9bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥6.5bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥11.9bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥11.5bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥11.4bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥11.0bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥10.7bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥5.8bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥7.5bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥225.232022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥144.142021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥164.42020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥187.392019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥220.072018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥712022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥562021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥562020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥562019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥562018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥5,216.69at 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥5,047.58at 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥4,968.58at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥4,797.75at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥4,693.31at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio57.3%at 2023-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio64.0%at 2022-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio63.3%at 2021-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio60.0%at 2020-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio54.7%at 2019-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE4.4%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE2.9%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.4%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.9%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE4.8%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued2,300,000at 2023-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued2,300,000at 2022-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued2,300,000at 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued2,300,000at 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued2,300,000at 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees179at 2023-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees176at 2022-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees179at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees173at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees172at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 50
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥18.2bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥142m
An Electronic Devide And Information And Telecommunications Apparatusreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥37m
An Electronic Devide And Information And Telecommunications Apparatusreportable segmentemployeesat 2023-03-3140 pure
An Electronic Devide And Information And Telecommunications Apparatusreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥7.7bn
An Electronic Devide And Information And Telecommunications Apparatusreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥7.7bn
An Electronic Devide And Information And Telecommunications Apparatusreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥955m
An Electronic Devide And Information And Telecommunications Apparatusreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥437m
Electrical Machinery And Apparatus And An Industrial Systemreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥59m
Electrical Machinery And Apparatus And An Industrial Systemreportable segmentemployeesat 2023-03-3183 pure
Electrical Machinery And Apparatus And An Industrial Systemreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥10.9bn
Electrical Machinery And Apparatus And An Industrial Systemreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥10.9bn
Electrical Machinery And Apparatus And An Industrial Systemreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥1.6bn
Electrical Machinery And Apparatus And An Industrial Systemreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥601m
Equipment Itemreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥25m
Equipment Itemreportable segmentemployeesat 2023-03-3141 pure
Equipment Itemreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥4.4bn
Equipment Itemreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥4.4bn
Equipment Itemreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥149m
Equipment Itemreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥152m
—segment totaldepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥163m
—segment totalrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥23.1bn
—segment totalrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥23.1bn
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥3.1bn
—segment totalsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.2bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥16.7bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31−¥107m
An Electronic Devide And Information And Telecommunications Apparatusreportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥29m
An Electronic Devide And Information And Telecommunications Apparatusreportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥5.6bn
An Electronic Devide And Information And Telecommunications Apparatusreportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥5.6bn
An Electronic Devide And Information And Telecommunications Apparatusreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥336m
An Electronic Devide And Information And Telecommunications Apparatusreportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥180m
Electrical Machinery And Apparatus And An Industrial Systemreportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥63m
Electrical Machinery And Apparatus And An Industrial Systemreportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥9.5bn
Electrical Machinery And Apparatus And An Industrial Systemreportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥9.5bn
Electrical Machinery And Apparatus And An Industrial Systemreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥933m
Electrical Machinery And Apparatus And An Industrial Systemreportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥376m
Equipment Itemreportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥26m
Equipment Itemreportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥3.4bn
Equipment Itemreportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥3.4bn
Equipment Itemreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥65m
Equipment Itemreportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥47m
—segment totaldepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥160m
—segment totalrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥18.7bn
—segment totalrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥18.7bn
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥1.8bn
—segment totalsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥656m
An Electronic Devide And Information And Telecommunications Apparatusreportable segmentemployeesat 2023-03-3135 pure
Electrical Machinery And Apparatus And An Industrial Systemreportable segmentemployeesat 2023-03-3181 pure
Equipment Itemreportable segmentemployeesat 2023-03-3141 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,625
ItemContextValueUnit
Net salesCurrentYearDuration23121423000JPY
Cost of salesPrior1YearDuration15871416000JPY
Cost of salesCurrentYearDuration19512978000JPY
Gross profitPrior1YearDuration2784352000JPY
Gross profitCurrentYearDuration3608444000JPY
Distribution and warehousing expenses sgaPrior1YearDuration284088000JPY
Distribution and warehousing expenses sgaCurrentYearDuration313655000JPY
Advertising expenses sgaPrior1YearDuration3132000JPY
Advertising expenses sgaCurrentYearDuration14332000JPY
Directors compensations sgaPrior1YearDuration65883000JPY
Directors compensations sgaCurrentYearDuration62532000JPY
Salaries and bonuses sgaPrior1YearDuration895432000JPY
Salaries and bonuses sgaCurrentYearDuration961193000JPY
Provision for bonuses sgaPrior1YearDuration138760000JPY
Provision for bonuses sgaCurrentYearDuration169799000JPY
Provision for directors bonuses sgaPrior1YearDuration23400000JPY
Provision for directors bonuses sgaCurrentYearDuration28200000JPY
Retirement benefit expenses sgaPrior1YearDuration42847000JPY
Retirement benefit expenses sgaCurrentYearDuration45589000JPY
Provision for directors retirement benefits sgaPrior1YearDuration9200000JPY
Provision for directors retirement benefits sgaCurrentYearDuration14000000JPY
Welfare expenses sgaPrior1YearDuration247745000JPY
Welfare expenses sgaCurrentYearDuration279433000JPY
Traveling and transportation expenses sgaPrior1YearDuration33451000JPY
Traveling and transportation expenses sgaCurrentYearDuration47589000JPY
Taxes and dues sgaPrior1YearDuration51254000JPY
Taxes and dues sgaCurrentYearDuration59869000JPY
Depreciation sgaPrior1YearDuration117982000JPY
Depreciation sgaCurrentYearDuration120974000JPY
Rent expenses sgaPrior1YearDuration78659000JPY
Rent expenses sgaCurrentYearDuration82420000JPY
Provision of allowance for doubtful accounts sgaPrior1YearDuration-1351000JPY
Provision of allowance for doubtful accounts sgaCurrentYearDuration1617000JPY
Other sgaPrior1YearDuration244713000JPY
Other sgaCurrentYearDuration305252000JPY
Selling general and administrative expensesPrior1YearDuration2235200000JPY
Selling general and administrative expensesCurrentYearDuration2506459000JPY
Operating incomePrior1YearDuration549151000JPY
Operating incomeCurrentYearDuration1101985000JPY
Interest income noiPrior1YearDuration184000JPY
Interest income noiCurrentYearDuration214000JPY
Dividends income noiPrior1YearDuration20173000JPY
Dividends income noiCurrentYearDuration23454000JPY
Company residence house rent income noiPrior1YearDuration3245000JPY
Company residence house rent income noiCurrentYearDuration3460000JPY
Foreign exchange gains noiPrior1YearDuration16183000JPY
Foreign exchange gains noiCurrentYearDuration8091000JPY
Other noiPrior1YearDuration2380000JPY
Other noiCurrentYearDuration6237000JPY
Non operating incomePrior1YearDuration42166000JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass rounding
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass