Annual report

Period2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31
Filed2025-06-16
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥25.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥23.4bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥21.6bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥22.3bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥19.1bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥2.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥1.6bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥2.3bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥1.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥1.1bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.8bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥828m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥2.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥1.8bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥1.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥1.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥595m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥985m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥614m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥1.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥2.0bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥37.0bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥36.5bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥34.2bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥34.7bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥36.0bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥6.1bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥6.4bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥31.0bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥30.1bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥27.9bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥27.4bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥25.7bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥6.0bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥5.8bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥6.4bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥7.1bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥5.5bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥5.6bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥5.4bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥2.9bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥4.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥2.7bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥3.9bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥4.1bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥2.7bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥1.6bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥1.6bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥500m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥657m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥846m2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥1.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥1.2bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥3.5bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥1.1bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥151.542024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥188.082023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥57.932022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥95.942021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥59.752020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,984.43at 2025-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,884.89at 2024-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,667.22at 2023-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,621.3at 2022-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,463.21at 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio82.2%at 2025-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio81.1%at 2024-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio80.0%at 2023-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio77.6%at 2022-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio70.3%at 2021-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE5.2%2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE6.8%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE2.2%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.8%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE2.4%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees1,246at 2025-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees1,161at 2024-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees1,104at 2023-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees1,112at 2022-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees1,165at 2021-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥20.0bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥20.0bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥18.4bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥17.0bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥16.1bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥1.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥1.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥3.0bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥1.6bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥838m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.2bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥351m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥3.2bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥1.4bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥2.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥1.1bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥674m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥876m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥320m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥31.7bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥30.5bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥29.2bnat 2023-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥28.9bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥30.6bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥4.0bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥4.8bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥27.7bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥25.7bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥25.0bnat 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥24.6bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥24.0bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥2.2bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥2.2bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥256.882024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥103.222023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥65.652022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥85.252021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥31.172020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥522024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥2502023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1302022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1302021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥652020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,717at 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,502.8at 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,432.55at 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,392.89at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,334.08at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio87.4%at 2025-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio84.3%at 2024-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio85.5%at 2023-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio85.1%at 2022-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio78.3%at 2021-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE9.8%2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE4.2%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE2.7%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.6%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE1.3%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued10,279,750at 2025-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued2,055,950at 2024-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued2,055,950at 2023-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued2,055,950at 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued2,055,950at 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees550at 2025-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees546at 2024-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees562at 2023-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees555at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees504at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 45
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Otherother segmentscapex2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥93m
Otherother segmentsdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥88m
Otherother segmentsemployeesat 2025-03-3172 pure
Otherother segmentsrevenue2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥842m
Otherother segmentsrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥842m
Otherother segmentssegment assetsat 2025-03-31¥2.1bn
Otherother segmentssegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31−¥120m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31−¥11,000
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31−¥11,000
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2025-03-31−¥2m
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentcapex2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥1.5bn
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥2.3bn
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentemployeesat 2025-03-311174 pure
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentrevenue2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥24.7bn
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥24.7bn
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥11,000
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2025-03-31¥34.9bn
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥2.7bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥1.6bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥2.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥25.5bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥25.5bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥11,000
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2025-03-31¥37.0bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥2.6bn
Otherother segmentscapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥60m
Otherother segmentsdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥19m
Otherother segmentsrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥270m
Otherother segmentsrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥270m
Otherother segmentssegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥629m
Otherother segmentssegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥22m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2024-03-31−¥3m
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥1.3bn
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.3bn
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥23.1bn
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥23.1bn
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥35.9bn
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥1.6bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥1.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥23.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥23.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥36.5bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥1.6bn
Automobile Component Manufacturingreportable segmentemployeesat 2025-03-31550 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,660
ItemContextValueUnit
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant35973005000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant34672029000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant34238525000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant36528726000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant37037940000JPY
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant2463.21
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant2621.30
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant2667.22
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant2884.89
Net assets per share (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant2984.43
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration59.75
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration95.94
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration57.93
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration188.08
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration151.54
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration-
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration-
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration-
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration-
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration-
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant0.703
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant0.776
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant0.800
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant0.811
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant0.822
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration0.024
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration0.038
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration0.022
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration0.068
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration0.052
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration9.5
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration6.7
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration11.1
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration8.7
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration9.0
Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration4091777000JPY
Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration3948012000JPY
Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration2688618000JPY
Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration4227985000JPY
Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration2889715000JPY
Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration-656842000JPY
Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration-500259000JPY
Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration-1594351000JPY
Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration-1575214000JPY
Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration-2654307000JPY
Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration-1133145000JPY
Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration-3462294000JPY
Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration-1187757000JPY
Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration-1276903000JPY
Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration-846498000JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass rounding
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass