Annual report

Period2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31
Filed2024-07-31
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed

Amends S100TVCX.

Key figures · 148
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥128.0bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥113.1bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥116.9bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥117.2bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥120.2bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥4.8bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥991m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥5.6bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥1.2bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥7.6bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥9.3bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥8.7bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥5.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥5.3bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥3.5bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥3.6bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥14.3bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥6.8bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥6.1bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥3.6bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥3.7bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥170.4bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥158.2bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥154.3bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥142.7bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥136.6bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥52.7bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥46.2bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥117.7bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥112.0bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥113.0bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥100.6bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥92.6bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥15.7bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥19.3bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥19.4bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥32.1bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥37.2bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥21.2bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥20.1bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥1.8bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow−¥3.4bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥6.9bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥8.3bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥5.8bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥9.5bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥6.8bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow¥10.7bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥4.3bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥2.7bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥1.5bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow¥5.1bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥1.6bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥2.8bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥2.3bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥91.492023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥90.912022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥358.352021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥170.492020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥152.872019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥3,052at 2024-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,910.33at 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,825.08at 2022-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,522.28at 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,320.42at 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio68.7%at 2024-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio70.5%at 2023-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio73.0%at 2022-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio70.3%at 2021-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio67.5%at 2020-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE3.1%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.2%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE13.4%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE7.0%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE6.7%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees3,237at 2024-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees3,201at 2023-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees3,138at 2022-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees3,050at 2021-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees2,883at 2020-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥59.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥50.8bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥57.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥58.5bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥59.5bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥654m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income−¥360m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥2.0bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥722m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥4.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥5.1bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥5.0bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥1.8bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥4.8bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥1.5bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥3.7bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥12.6bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥4.2bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥4.1bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥117.8bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥114.2bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥112.2bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥101.2bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥96.5bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥26.3bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥25.0bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥91.5bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥89.2bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥90.1bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥79.5bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥74.4bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥8.0bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥10.8bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥382023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥93.842022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥316.132021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥106.552020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥102.282019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥872023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥542022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥542021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥422020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥402019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,386.14at 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,326.29at 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,259.67at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,999.43at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,873.88at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio77.7%at 2024-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio78.1%at 2023-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio80.3%at 2022-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio78.5%at 2021-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio77.2%at 2020-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE1.6%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE4.1%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE14.9%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.5%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.5%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued40,150,000at 2024-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued40,150,000at 2023-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued42,737,000at 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued42,737,000at 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued42,737,000at 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees1,133at 2024-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees1,104at 2023-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees1,093at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees1,089at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees1,072at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 56
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥87m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31−¥610m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31−¥610m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥45.5bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31−¥1.1bn
Environmentreportable segmentcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥50m
Environmentreportable segmentdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥68m
Environmentreportable segmentemployeesat 2024-03-31451 pure
Environmentreportable segmentrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥13.8bn
Environmentreportable segmentrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥13.8bn
Environmentreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥11.3bn
Environmentreportable segmentsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.6bn
Parking And Otherreportable segmentemployeesat 2024-03-31121 pure
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥9.8bn
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.6bn
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentemployeesat 2024-03-312665 pure
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥107.1bn
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥107.1bn
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentrevenue intersegment2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥3m
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥100.4bn
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.5bn
—segment totalcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥11.4bn
—segment totaldepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.9bn
—segment totalrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥128.6bn
—segment totalrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥128.0bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥610m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥124.9bn
—segment totalsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥5.9bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥7.9bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥17m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥581m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥581m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥53.0bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥877m
Environmentreportable segmentcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥122m
Environmentreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥72m
Environmentreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥10.3bn
Environmentreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥10.3bn
Environmentreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥6.9bn
Environmentreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.8bn
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥3.3bn
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥2.4bn
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥96.4bn
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥96.4bn
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥5m
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥86.5bn
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥555m
—segment totalcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥3.9bn
—segment totaldepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥2.8bn
—segment totalrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥113.7bn
—segment totalrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥113.1bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥581m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥105.1bn
—segment totalsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.9bn
Environmentreportable segmentemployeesat 2024-03-31106 pure
Specially Equipped Vehiclereportable segmentemployeesat 2024-03-311027 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,892
ItemContextValueUnit
LandPrior1YearInstant27552000000JPY
LandCurrentYearInstant29148000000JPY
Construction in progressPrior1YearInstant2224000000JPY
Construction in progressCurrentYearInstant2988000000JPY
Other net ppePrior1YearInstant1060000000JPY
Other net ppeCurrentYearInstant1244000000JPY
Property plant and equipmentPrior1YearInstant48233000000JPY
Property plant and equipmentCurrentYearInstant56799000000JPY
GoodwillPrior1YearInstant684000000JPY
GoodwillCurrentYearInstant661000000JPY
Customer related intangible assetsPrior1YearInstant422000000JPY
Customer related intangible assetsCurrentYearInstant436000000JPY
Other iaPrior1YearInstant1190000000JPY
Other iaCurrentYearInstant1092000000JPY
Intangible assetsPrior1YearInstant2296000000JPY
Intangible assetsCurrentYearInstant2190000000JPY
Investment securitiesPrior1YearInstant12546000000JPY
Investment securitiesCurrentYearInstant17149000000JPY
Long term loans receivablePrior1YearInstant420000000JPY
Long term loans receivableCurrentYearInstant221000000JPY
Long term prepaid expensesPrior1YearInstant341000000JPY
Long term prepaid expensesCurrentYearInstant297000000JPY
Net defined benefit assetPrior1YearInstant-JPY
Net defined benefit assetCurrentYearInstant1187000000JPY
Deferred tax assetsPrior1YearInstant342000000JPY
Deferred tax assetsCurrentYearInstant343000000JPY
Other ioaPrior1YearInstant1395000000JPY
Other ioaCurrentYearInstant1521000000JPY
Allowance for doubtful accounts ioa by groupPrior1YearInstant-895000000JPY
Allowance for doubtful accounts ioa by groupCurrentYearInstant-718000000JPY
Investments and other assetsPrior1YearInstant14151000000JPY
Investments and other assetsCurrentYearInstant20002000000JPY
Noncurrent assetsPrior1YearInstant64681000000JPY
Noncurrent assetsCurrentYearInstant78992000000JPY
AssetsPrior1YearInstant158156000000JPY
AssetsCurrentYearInstant170398000000JPY
Notes and accounts payable tradePrior1YearInstant9618000000JPY
Notes and accounts payable tradeCurrentYearInstant9141000000JPY
Electronically recorded obligations operating clPrior1YearInstant9291000000JPY
Electronically recorded obligations operating clCurrentYearInstant13373000000JPY
Short term loans payablePrior1YearInstant902000000JPY
Short term loans payableCurrentYearInstant1684000000JPY
Current portion of long term loans payablePrior1YearInstant25000000JPY
Current portion of long term loans payableCurrentYearInstant8000000JPY
Income taxes payablePrior1YearInstant1483000000JPY
Income taxes payableCurrentYearInstant733000000JPY
Accrued consumption taxesPrior1YearInstant596000000JPY
Accrued consumption taxesCurrentYearInstant813000000JPY
Accrued expensesPrior1YearInstant4649000000JPY
Accrued expensesCurrentYearInstant5098000000JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass