Annual report

Period2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31
Filed2026-06-23
StandardIFRS
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks21 of 21 passed
Key figures · 162
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥44.0bn2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31Cons.Revenue2 IFRS
Revenue¥36.4bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Revenue2 IFRS
Revenue¥31.5bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Revenue IFRS (5-year summary)
Revenue¥25.5bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vCons.Revenue IFRS (5-year summary)
Revenue¥20.9bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vCons.Revenue IFRS (5-year summary)
Operating income¥8.4bn2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31Cons.Operating profit loss IFRS
Operating income¥6.8bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Operating profit loss IFRS
Operating income¥6.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Operating income loss US GAAP (5-year summary)
Operating income¥4.2bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vCons.Operating income loss US GAAP (5-year summary)
Operating income¥3.9bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vCons.Operating income loss US GAAP (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥8.6bn2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31Cons.Profit loss before tax IFRS
Profit before tax¥6.9bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss before tax IFRS
Profit before tax¥6.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Profit loss before tax IFRS (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥5.3bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vCons.Profit loss before tax IFRS (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥4.0bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vCons.Profit loss before tax IFRS (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥6.1bn2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS
Net income (owners)¥4.7bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS
Net income (owners)¥4.6bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥4.0bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥2.9bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary)
Net income¥6.1bn2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31Cons.Profit loss IFRS
Net income¥4.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss IFRS
Total assets¥199.0bnat 2026-03-31Cons.Assets IFRS
Total assets¥185.0bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Assets IFRS
Total assets¥125.3bnat 2024-03-31vCons.Total assets IFRS (5-year summary)
Total assets¥101.4bnat 2023-03-31vCons.Total assets IFRS (5-year summary)
Total assets¥81.8bnat 2022-03-31vCons.Total assets IFRS (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥173.7bnat 2026-03-31Cons.Liabilities IFRS
Total liabilities¥166.0bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Liabilities IFRS
Net assets / equity¥25.3bnat 2026-03-31Cons.Equity IFRS
Net assets / equity¥18.9bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Equity IFRS
Net assets / equity¥15.4bnat 2024-03-31vCons.Equity IFRS
Equity (owners)¥25.3bnat 2026-03-31Cons.Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS
Equity (owners)¥18.9bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS
Equity (owners)¥15.3bnat 2024-03-31vCons.Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary)
Equity (owners)¥13.3bnat 2023-03-31vCons.Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary)
Equity (owners)¥9.7bnat 2022-03-31vCons.Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥26.1bnat 2026-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents IFRS
Cash & equivalents¥26.1bnat 2026-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥17.2bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents IFRS
Cash & equivalents¥17.1bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥21.1bnat 2024-03-31vCons.Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥14.8bnat 2023-03-31vCons.Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥11.4bnat 2022-03-31vCons.Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥21.3bn2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities IFRS
Operating cash flow−¥7.8bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities IFRS
Operating cash flow¥2.5bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Cash flows from used in operating activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥449m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vCons.Cash flows from used in operating activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥1.6bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vCons.Cash flows from used in operating activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥1.9bn2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities IFRS
Investing cash flow−¥2.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities IFRS
Investing cash flow−¥3.1bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Cash flows from used in investing activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥2.3bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vCons.Cash flows from used in investing activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥1.0bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vCons.Cash flows from used in investing activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥32.1bn2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities IFRS
Financing cash flow¥6.2bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities IFRS
Financing cash flow¥6.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Cash flows from used in financing activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥6.2bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vCons.Cash flows from used in financing activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥2.8bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vCons.Cash flows from used in financing activities IFRS (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥157.222025-04-01 → 2026-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share IFRS
EPS (basic)¥122.612024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share IFRS
EPS (basic)¥119.392023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Basic earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥103.172022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vCons.Basic earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥76.462021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vCons.Basic earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥156.862025-04-01 → 2026-03-31Cons.Diluted earnings loss per share IFRS
EPS (diluted)¥121.992024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Diluted earnings loss per share IFRS
EPS (diluted)¥118.892023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Diluted earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥102.52022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vCons.Diluted earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥75.792021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vCons.Diluted earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥649.87at 2026-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥497.57at 2025-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥404.11at 2024-03-31vCons.Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥342.54at 2023-03-31vCons.Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥251.57at 2022-03-31vCons.Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary)
Equity ratio12.7%at 2026-03-31Cons.Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary)
Equity ratio10.2%at 2025-03-31Cons.Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary)
Equity ratio12.2%at 2024-03-31vCons.Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary)
Equity ratio13.1%at 2023-03-31vCons.Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary)
Equity ratio11.9%at 2022-03-31vCons.Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary)
ROE27.5%2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary)
ROE27.2%2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary)
ROE32.2%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary)
ROE34.8%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vCons.Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary)
ROE34.8%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vCons.Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary)
Employees899at 2026-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees814at 2025-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees740at 2024-03-31vCons.Number of employees
Employees700at 2023-03-31vCons.Number of employees
Employees679at 2022-03-31vCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥6.8bn2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31StandaloneOperating revenue1
Revenue¥7.2bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOperating revenue1
Revenue¥4.6bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneOperating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Revenue¥3.7bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vStandaloneOperating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Revenue¥3.1bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vStandaloneOperating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Operating income¥3.2bn2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥3.9bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥3.1bn2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥3.9bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥2.0bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.9bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.5bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥3.1bn2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥3.9bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥3.0bn2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥3.8bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥1.8bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥1.9bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥1.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥29.5bnat 2026-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥19.1bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥14.4bnat 2024-03-31vStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥14.2bnat 2023-03-31vStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥12.6bnat 2022-03-31vStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥17.8bnat 2026-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥10.5bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥11.7bnat 2026-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥8.6bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥5.9bnat 2024-03-31vStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥6.8bnat 2023-03-31vStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥5.4bnat 2022-03-31vStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥4.5bnat 2026-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥1.5bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥78.462025-04-01 → 2026-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥100.932024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥47.72023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥49.482022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥36.992021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥78.282025-04-01 → 2026-03-31StandaloneDiluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥100.422024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneDiluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥47.52023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneDiluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥49.162022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vStandaloneDiluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥36.672021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vStandaloneDiluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥542025-04-01 → 2026-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥402024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥282023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥212022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥512021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥301.22at 2026-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥227.31at 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥155.58at 2024-03-31vStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥176.15at 2023-03-31vStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥139.38at 2022-03-31vStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio38.8%at 2026-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio43.7%at 2025-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio39.6%at 2024-03-31vStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio47.6%at 2023-03-31vStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio42.3%at 2022-03-31vStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE30.5%2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE54.4%2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE29.6%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE31.7%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31vStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE28.9%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31vStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued40,710,663at 2026-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued40,540,170at 2025-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued40,470,570at 2024-03-31vStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued40,327,770at 2023-03-31vStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued13,394,990at 2022-03-31vStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees128at 2026-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees121at 2025-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees87at 2024-03-31vStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees84at 2023-03-31vStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees77at 2022-03-31vStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 13
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31¥85m
Auto Mobilityreportable segmentemployeesat 2026-03-31194 pure
Auto Mobilityreportable segmentsegment profit2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31¥2.2bn
Automobile Warrantyreportable segmentemployeesat 2026-03-31118 pure
Automobile Warrantyreportable segmentsegment profit2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31¥1.3bn
Financereportable segmentemployeesat 2026-03-31447 pure
Financereportable segmentsegment profit2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31¥4.7bn
—segment totalsegment profit2025-04-01 → 2026-03-31¥8.3bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31−¥51m
Auto Mobilityreportable segmentsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥1.2bn
Automobile Warrantyreportable segmentsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥1.1bn
Financereportable segmentsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥4.6bn
—segment totalsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥6.9bn

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,648
ItemContextValueUnit
Targets description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metricsCurrentYearInstant_Row6Member85.0
Performance description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metricsCurrentYearInstant_Row7Member77.2
Performance description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metricsCurrentYearInstant_Row8Member6.6
Capital expenditures overview of capital expenditures etcCurrentYearDuration2323000000JPY
Number of issued shares as of fiscal year end issued shares total number of shares etcFilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember40710663
Number of issued shares as of filing date issued shares total number of shares etcFilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember40710663
Number of issued shares as of fiscal year end issued shares total number of shares etcFilingDateInstant40710663
Number of issued shares as of filing date issued shares total number of shares etcFilingDateInstant40710663
Number of shares constituting one unitCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember100
Number of shareholders national and local governmentsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember-
Number of shareholders financial institutionsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember18
Number of shareholders financial service providersCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember28
Number of shareholders other corporationsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember77
Number of shareholders foreign investors other than individualsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember94
Number of shareholders foreign individual investorsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember36
Number of shareholders individuals and othersCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember7020
Number of shareholders totalCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember7273
Number of shares held number of units national and local governmentsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember-
Number of shares held number of units financial institutionsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember105647
Number of shares held number of units financial service providersCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember25099
Number of shares held number of units other corporationsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember33340
Number of shares held number of units foreign investors other than individualsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember100897
Number of shares held number of units foreign individual investorsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember259
Number of shares held number of units individuals and othersCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember141574
Number of shares held number of units totalCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember406816
Number of shares held shares less than one unitCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember29063
Percentage of shareholdings national and local governmentsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember-
Percentage of shareholdings financial institutionsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember0.25969
Percentage of shareholdings financial service providersCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember0.06169
Percentage of shareholdings other corporationsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember0.08195
Percentage of shareholdings foreigners other than individualsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember0.24801
Percentage of shareholdings foreign individualsCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember0.00063
Percentage of shareholdings individuals and othersCurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember0.34800
Number of shares heldCurrentYearInstant_No1MajorShareholdersMember4677700
Shareholding ratioCurrentYearInstant_No1MajorShareholdersMember0.1203
Number of shares heldCurrentYearInstant_No2MajorShareholdersMember3359200
Shareholding ratioCurrentYearInstant_No2MajorShareholdersMember0.0864
Number of shares heldCurrentYearInstant_No3MajorShareholdersMember1800000
Shareholding ratioCurrentYearInstant_No3MajorShareholdersMember0.0463
Number of shares heldCurrentYearInstant_No4MajorShareholdersMember932000
Shareholding ratioCurrentYearInstant_No4MajorShareholdersMember0.0240
Number of shares heldCurrentYearInstant_No5MajorShareholdersMember931938
Shareholding ratioCurrentYearInstant_No5MajorShareholdersMember0.0240
Number of shares heldCurrentYearInstant_No6MajorShareholdersMember800000
Shareholding ratioCurrentYearInstant_No6MajorShareholdersMember0.0206
Number of shares heldCurrentYearInstant_No7MajorShareholdersMember790248
Shareholding ratioCurrentYearInstant_No7MajorShareholdersMember0.0203
Number of shares heldCurrentYearInstant_No8MajorShareholdersMember775800
Shareholding ratioCurrentYearInstant_No8MajorShareholdersMember0.0200
Number of shares heldCurrentYearInstant_No9MajorShareholdersMember775800

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 21 of 21 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2025-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2026-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2026-03-31pass
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2026-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2025-04-01/2026-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2025-04-01/2026-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2025-04-01/2026-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2025-04-01/2026-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2026-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2026-03-31pass