Half-year report · HY

Period2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30
Filed2026-03-05
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed

Amends S100X5SN. Amended by S100XP84 (2026-03-05).

Key figures · 124
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Ordinary income¥27.6bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥41.7bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥19.0bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥33.0bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥18.3bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥27.8bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥19.0bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥19.2bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥31.4bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥12.9bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥25.7bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥13.5bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥19.2bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥12.9bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥7.40Tat 2025-09-30Cons.Assets
Total assets¥7.09Tat 2025-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥6.79Tat 2024-09-30Cons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥7.19Tat 2024-03-31vCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥6.62Tat 2023-09-30dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥7.00Tat 2025-09-30Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥6.72Tat 2025-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥398.2bnat 2025-09-30Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥371.3bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥367.0bnat 2024-09-30Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥365.1bnat 2024-03-31vCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥335.2bnat 2023-09-30dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥1.13Tat 2025-09-30Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥977.8bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥757.7bnat 2024-09-30Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥1.15Tat 2024-03-31vCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥740.2bnat 2023-09-30dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥182.5bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow−¥237.4bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥380.0bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥288.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥232.0bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥25.6bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow¥65.9bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥14.6bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥63.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow¥40.1bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥2.6bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥5.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥2.4bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥4.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥2.0bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥625.572025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥1,027.692024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥422.792024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥839.62023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥442.042023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥452.982025-04-01 → 2025-09-30Cons.Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥692.412024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥293.172024-04-01 → 2024-09-30Cons.Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥579.382023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vCons.Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥260.582023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dCons.Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥11,318.75at 2025-09-30Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥10,458.15at 2025-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥10,313.99at 2024-09-30Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥10,244.37at 2024-03-31vCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥9,253.43at 2023-09-30dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio5.4%at 2025-09-30Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio5.2%at 2025-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio5.4%at 2024-09-30Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio5.1%at 2024-03-31vCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio5.1%at 2023-09-30dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Employees2,812at 2025-09-30Cons.Number of employees
Employees2,780at 2025-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees2,868at 2024-09-30Cons.Number of employees
Employees2,831at 2024-03-31vCons.Number of employees
Employees2,742at 2023-09-30dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥4.7bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneOperating revenue1
Revenue¥12.2bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOperating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Revenue¥8.6bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneOperating revenue1
Revenue¥6.7bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneOperating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Revenue¥3.3bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dStandaloneOperating revenue1 (5-year summary)
Operating income¥3.3bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥7.3bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥3.2bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥9.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥7.3bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥4.4bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥2.2bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥3.2bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥7.3bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥3.1bn2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥9.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥7.2bn2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥4.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥2.2bn2023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥235.5bnat 2025-09-30StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥230.6bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥226.4bnat 2024-09-30StandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥222.1bnat 2024-03-31vStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥222.1bnat 2023-09-30dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥30.9bnat 2025-09-30StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥26.6bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥204.7bnat 2025-09-30StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥204.1bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥204.2bnat 2024-09-30StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥199.9bnat 2024-03-31vStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥199.9bnat 2023-09-30dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥6.4bnat 2025-09-30StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥6.0bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Dividend per share¥852025-04-01 → 2025-09-30StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1602024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥752024-04-01 → 2024-09-30StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1452023-04-01 → 2024-03-31vStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥652023-04-01 → 2023-09-30dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio86.9%at 2025-09-30StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio88.5%at 2025-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio90.2%at 2024-09-30StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio90.0%at 2024-03-31vStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio90.0%at 2023-09-30dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Shares issued30,650,000at 2025-09-30StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued30,650,000at 2025-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued30,650,000at 2024-09-30StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued30,650,000at 2024-03-31vStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued30,650,000at 2023-09-30dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees95at 2025-09-30StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees89at 2025-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees82at 2024-09-30StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees76at 2024-03-31vStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees79at 2023-09-30dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 60
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentscapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥263m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsdepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥126m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥8.1bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥6.6bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥279.2bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥4.4bn
Bank Segmentreportable segmentcapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥3.9bn
Bank Segmentreportable segmentdepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥3.3bn
Bank Segmentreportable segmentrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥73.5bn
Bank Segmentreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥193m
Bank Segmentreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥7.35T
Bank Segmentreportable segmentsegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥26.2bn
Lease Segmentreportable segmentcapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥369m
Lease Segmentreportable segmentdepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥178m
Lease Segmentreportable segmentrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥7.7bn
Lease Segmentreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥453m
Lease Segmentreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥50.9bn
Lease Segmentreportable segmentsegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥176m
—segment totalcapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥4.3bn
—segment totaldepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥3.5bn
—segment totalrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥81.2bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥646m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥7.41T
—segment totalsegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥26.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥4.5bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥3.6bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥89.3bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue intersegment2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥7.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2025-09-30¥7.68T
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment ordinary income2025-04-01 → 2025-09-30¥30.8bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentscapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥314m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥110m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥7.8bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥10.7bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥268.8bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥8.2bn
Bank Segmentreportable segmentcapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥7.7bn
Bank Segmentreportable segmentdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥3.2bn
Bank Segmentreportable segmentrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥62.4bn
Bank Segmentreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥76m
Bank Segmentreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥6.74T
Bank Segmentreportable segmentsegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥18.2bn
Lease Segmentreportable segmentcapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥494m
Lease Segmentreportable segmentdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥183m
Lease Segmentreportable segmentrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥7.1bn
Lease Segmentreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥439m
Lease Segmentreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥46.0bn
Lease Segmentreportable segmentsegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥228m
—segment totalcapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥8.2bn
—segment totaldepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥3.3bn
—segment totalrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥69.5bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥516m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥6.78T
—segment totalsegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥18.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥8.5bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥3.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥77.3bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue intersegment2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥11.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2024-09-30¥7.05T
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment ordinary income2024-04-01 → 2024-09-30¥26.6bn

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,275
ItemContextValueUnit
Independent auditors report consolidated (text)InterimInstantText · Plus
Audit firm1 consolidatedFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)EY新日本有限責任監査法人
Cpa1 audit firm1 consolidatedFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)高 木  竜 二
Cpa2 audit firm1 consolidatedFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)藤 波  竜 太
Independent auditors report non consolidated (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Audit firm1 non consolidatedFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)EY新日本有限責任監査法人
Cpa1 audit firm1 non consolidatedFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)高 木  竜 二
Cpa2 audit firm1 non consolidatedFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)藤 波  竜 太
Number of submissionFilingDateInstant2
Ordinary income (5-year summary)Prior2InterimDuration69968000000JPY
Ordinary income (5-year summary)Prior1InterimDuration76954000000JPY
Ordinary income (5-year summary)InterimDuration89101000000JPY
Ordinary income (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration138331000000JPY
Ordinary income (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration160872000000JPY
Trust fees (5-year summary)Prior2InterimDuration168000000JPY
Trust fees (5-year summary)Prior1InterimDuration160000000JPY
Trust fees (5-year summary)InterimDuration176000000JPY
Trust fees (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration346000000JPY
Trust fees (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration362000000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior2InterimDuration18309000000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior1InterimDuration19034000000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)InterimDuration27631000000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration32968000000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration41652000000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)Prior2InterimDuration13473000000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)Prior1InterimDuration12919000000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)InterimDuration19227000000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration25652000000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration31361000000JPY
Comprehensive income (5-year summary)Prior2InterimDuration9989000000JPY
Comprehensive income (5-year summary)Prior1InterimDuration4773000000JPY
Comprehensive income (5-year summary)InterimDuration29378000000JPY
Comprehensive income (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration42048000000JPY
Comprehensive income (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration11542000000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior2InterimInstant335226000000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior1InterimInstant367021000000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)InterimInstant398205000000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant365129000000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant371316000000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior2InterimInstant6619115000000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior1InterimInstant6789466000000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)InterimInstant7396042000000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant7193503000000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant7094566000000JPY
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior2InterimInstant9253.43
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior1InterimInstant10313.99
Net assets per share (5-year summary)InterimInstant11318.75
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant10244.37
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant10458.15
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)Prior2InterimDuration442.04

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2025-09-30pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2025-09-30pass rounding
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2024-04-01/2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2025-04-01/2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2024-04-01/2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2025-04-01/2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2024-04-01/2024-09-30pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2025-04-01/2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2025-09-30pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2025-09-30pass