Annual report
7043.TEDINET S100QHVM
Period2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31
Filed2023-03-30
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 155
| Metric | Value | Period | Scope | Source row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | ¥2.8bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥2.4bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥1.8bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥2.5bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥2.3bn | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥231m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥278m | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥228m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥280m | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | −¥217m | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥161m | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥153m | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥228m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥280m | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Net income (owners) | ¥167m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥183m | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | −¥191m | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥116m | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥96m | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥167m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥183m | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Total assets | ¥1.9bn | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥2.0bn | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥1.9bn | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥1.3bn | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥1.4bn | at 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥653m | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥980m | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥1.2bn | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥1.0bn | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥844m | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥1.1bn | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥999m | at 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥1.1bn | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥1.3bn | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥1.1bn | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥1.3bn | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥1.3bn | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥692m | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥934m | at 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥90m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥366m | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | −¥266m | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥35m | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥69m | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥48m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥61m | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥26m | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥102m | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥21m | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥286m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥286m | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | ¥860m | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥174m | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | ¥322m | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥65.89 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥72.59 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥-75.94 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥45.68 | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥43.92 | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥65.32 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥71.58 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥44.96 | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥43.85 | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥474.5 | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥410.24 | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥334.58 | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥419.07 | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥390.98 | at 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 64.8% | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 51.4% | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 43.4% | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 82.2% | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 70.5% | at 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 14.9% | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 19.5% | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | -20.2% | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 11.3% | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 13.5% | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 190 | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 160 | at 2021-12-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 163 | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 193 | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 171 | at 2018-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Revenue | ¥2.6bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥2.3bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥1.7bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥2.4bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥2.2bn | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥211m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥290m | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥211m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥289m | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | −¥230m | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥144m | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥166m | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥211m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥282m | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Net income | ¥154m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥188m | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | −¥188m | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥106m | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥110m | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥1.8bn | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥2.0bn | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥1.9bn | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥1.3bn | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥1.4bn | at 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥633m | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥956m | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥1.2bn | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥1.0bn | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥844m | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥1.0bn | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥999m | at 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥977m | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥1.2bn | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| EPS (basic) | ¥60.72 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥74.41 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥-74.53 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥42.01 | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥50.39 | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥60.19 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥73.38 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥41.34 | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥50.32 | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥7 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥7 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥7 | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥7 | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥464.38 | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥410.05 | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥334.6 | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥415.69 | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥390.92 | at 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 65.1% | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 52.0% | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 43.7% | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 82.6% | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 70.6% | at 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 13.9% | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 20.0% | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | -19.9% | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 10.4% | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 15.8% | 2018-01-01 → 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 2,554,400 | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 2,554,400 | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 2,554,400 | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 2,554,400 | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 2,554,400 | at 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 149 | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 114 | at 2021-12-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 119 | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 108 | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 103 | at 2018-12-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.
Segments · 1
| Segment | Item | Period | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human Resource Development Businessreportable segment | employees | at 2022-12-31 | 190 pure |
Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.
All source rows · 1,096
| Item | Context | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comparative period end date | FilingDateInstant | 2021-12-31 | |
| Previous fiscal year end date | FilingDateInstant | 2021-12-31 | |
| Next fiscal year start date | FilingDateInstant | - | |
| End date of quarterly or semi annual period of next fiscal year | FilingDateInstant | - | |
| Amendment flag | FilingDateInstant | false | |
| Identification of document subject to amendment | FilingDateInstant | - | |
| Report amendment flag | FilingDateInstant | false | |
| Xbrl amendment flag | FilingDateInstant | false | |
| Business results of group (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Business results of reporting company (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Company history (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Description of business (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Overview of affiliated entities (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Information about employees (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Business policy business environment issues to address etc (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Business risks (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Management analysis of financial position operating results and cash flows (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Critical contracts for operation (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Research and development activities (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Overview of capital expenditures etc (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Major facilities (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Planned additions retirements etc of facilities (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Total number of shares (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Issued shares total number of shares etc (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Class issued shares total number of shares etc | FilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | Original text (Japanese)普通株式 | |
| Name of financial instruments exchange on which securities are listed or authorized financial instruments business association to which securities are registered | FilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | Original text (Japanese)東京証券取引所グロース市場 | |
| Description issued shares total number of shares etc | FilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | Original text (Japanese)完全議決権株式であり、権利内容に何ら限定のない当社における標準となる株式であり、単元株式数は100株であります。 | |
| Details of employee share option program (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Description of rights plan (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Other information on share acquisition rights (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Exercises etc of moving strike convertible bonds etc (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Changes in number of issued shares stated capital etc (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Shareholding by shareholder category (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Major shareholders (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No1MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)落合 文四郎 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No1MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都文京区 | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No2MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)株式会社フォーティーシクサーズ | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No2MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都文京区湯島4丁目4-14 | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No3MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)池田 祐輔 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No3MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都新宿区 | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No4MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)新井 友行 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No4MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都江東区 | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No5MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)アルー社員持株会 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No5MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都千代田区九段北1丁目13-5ヒューリック九段ビル2階 | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No6MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)株式会社SBI証券 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No6MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都港区六本木1丁目6番1号 | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No7MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)稲村 大悟 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No7MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都杉並区 | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No8MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)JPモルガン証券株式会社 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No8MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都千代田区丸の内2丁目7-3 東京ビルディング |
Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.
Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| dei present | pass |
| period resolution | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |