Annual report
6912.TEDINET S100OSDI
Period2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31
Filed2022-07-28
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Amends S100OIOP. Amended by S100OSTU (2022-07-28).
Key figures · 148
| Metric | Value | Period | Scope | Source row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | ¥10.1bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥8.2bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥9.1bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥8.9bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥8.0bn | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥1.0bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥418m | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥1.1bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥460m | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥661m | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥701m | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥488m | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥1.1bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥460m | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Net income (owners) | ¥709m | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥325m | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥495m | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥444m | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥339m | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥709m | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥325m | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Total assets | ¥13.5bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥12.0bn | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥11.7bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥11.8bn | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥11.6bn | at 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥2.5bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥2.0bn | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥10.9bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥10.0bn | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥9.5bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥9.4bn | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥9.5bn | at 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥3.0bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥3.2bn | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥2.9bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥3.1bn | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥2.5bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥2.2bn | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥2.5bn | at 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥64m | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥1.1bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥769m | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥502m | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥257m | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥119m | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥278m | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥308m | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥568m | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥375m | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥170m | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥195m | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥193m | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥255m | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥218m | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥85.13 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥39.18 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥59.94 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥53.52 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥40.59 | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,309.19 | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,202.15 | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,148.75 | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,140.62 | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,131.11 | at 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 81.2% | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 83.3% | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 81.6% | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 80.0% | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 81.1% | at 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 6.8% | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 3.3% | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 5.2% | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 4.7% | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 3.7% | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 317 | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 320 | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 319 | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 292 | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 293 | at 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Revenue | ¥9.6bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥7.8bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥8.7bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥8.6bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥7.6bn | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥915m | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥358m | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥1.1bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥397m | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥568m | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥717m | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥398m | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥1.1bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥397m | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Net income | ¥798m | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥265m | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥411m | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥463m | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥249m | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥13.0bn | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥11.6bn | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥11.4bn | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥11.5bn | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥11.3bn | at 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥2.5bn | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥2.0bn | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥10.5bn | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥9.6bn | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥9.2bn | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥9.2bn | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥9.2bn | at 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥2.4bn | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥2.6bn | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| EPS (basic) | ¥95.82 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥31.99 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥49.7 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥55.81 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥29.78 | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥30 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥20 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥23 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥23 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥22 | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,259.14 | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,153.6 | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,117.52 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,113.38 | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,101.39 | at 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 80.8% | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 82.8% | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 81.5% | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 79.8% | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 81.3% | at 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 7.9% | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 2.8% | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 4.5% | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 5.0% | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 2.8% | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 9,900,000 | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 9,900,000 | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 9,900,000 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 9,900,000 | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 9,900,000 | at 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 288 | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 291 | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 286 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 261 | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 261 | at 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.
All source rows · 1,501
| Item | Context | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Business risks (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Management analysis of financial position operating results and cash flows (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Critical contracts for operation (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Research and development activities (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Overview of capital expenditures etc (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Major facilities (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Planned additions retirements etc of facilities (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Total number of shares (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Issued shares total number of shares etc (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Class issued shares total number of shares etc | FilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | Original text (Japanese)普通株式 | |
| Name of financial instruments exchange on which securities are listed or authorized financial instruments business association to which securities are registered | FilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | Original text (Japanese)東京証券取引所ＪＡＳＤＡＱ(事業年度末現在)スタンダード市場(提出日現在) | |
| Description issued shares total number of shares etc | FilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | Original text (Japanese)単元株式数は100株であります。 | |
| Details of employee share option program (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Description of rights plan (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Other information on share acquisition rights (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Exercises etc of moving strike convertible bonds etc (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Changes in number of issued shares stated capital etc (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Shareholding by shareholder category (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Major shareholders (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No1MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)株式会社ケーティーエム | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No1MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都大田区石川町２－18－１ | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No2MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)菊水取引先持株会 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No2MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)神奈川県横浜市都筑区東山田１－１－３菊水電子工業㈱社内 | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No3MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)菊水電子工業従業員持株会 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No3MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)神奈川県横浜市都筑区東山田１－１－３菊水電子工業㈱社内 | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No4MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)株式会社みずほ銀行 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No4MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都千代田区大手町１－５－５常任代理人 ㈱日本カストディ銀行 | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No5MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)小 林 寛 子 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No5MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都大田区 | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No6MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)日本生命保険相互会社 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No6MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都千代田区丸の内１－６－６常任代理人 日本マスタートラスト信託銀行㈱ | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No7MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)アジア電子工業株式会社 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No7MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)長野県飯田市中村80－１ | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No8MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)ケル株式会社 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No8MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都多摩市永山６－17－７ | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No9MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)株式会社三菱ＵＦＪ銀行 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No9MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都千代田区丸の内２－７－１ | |
| Name major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No10MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)橋 本 幸 雄 | |
| Address major shareholders | CurrentYearInstant_No10MajorShareholdersMember | Original text (Japanese)東京都府中市 | |
| Issued shares voting rights (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Description issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant_SharesWithNoVotingRightsMember | － | |
| Description issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant_SharesWithRestrictedVotingRightsTreasurySharesEtcMember | － | |
| Description issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant_SharesWithRestrictedVotingRightsOtherMember | － | |
| Description issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinarySharesTreasurySharesSharesWithFullVotingRightsTreasurySharesEtcMember | － | |
| Description issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinarySharesSharesWithFullVotingRightsOtherMember | － | |
| Description issued shares voting rights | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinarySharesSharesLessThanOneUnitMember | － | |
| Treasury shares etc (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Name of shareholder treasury shares etc | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | Original text (Japanese)菊水電子工業株式会社 | |
| Address of shareholder treasury shares etc | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | Original text (Japanese)神奈川県横浜市都筑区東山田１－１－３ | |
| Classes of shares etc (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus |
Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.
Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| dei present | pass |
| period resolution | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |