Annual report
6420.TEDINET S100U4MA
Period2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31
Filed2024-07-31
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Amends S100TT8B. Amended by S100U4YB (2024-07-31).
Key figures · 148
| Metric | Value | Period | Scope | Source row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | ¥115.8bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥105.0bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥96.1bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥82.5bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥86.8bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥15.3bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥11.5bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥16.2bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥12.3bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥11.3bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥8.7bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥9.4bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥16.2bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥12.3bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Net income (owners) | ¥12.3bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥8.7bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥8.2bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥6.3bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥6.2bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥12.3bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥8.7bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Total assets | ¥130.5bn | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥113.0bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥103.7bn | at 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥96.9bn | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥88.3bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥37.7bn | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥33.1bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥92.8bn | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥79.9bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥71.9bn | at 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥64.7bn | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥58.1bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥54.2bn | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥46.4bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥54.0bn | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥46.2bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥44.0bn | at 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥39.6bn | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥31.3bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥12.6bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥5.5bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥6.6bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥11.2bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥5.1bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥2.9bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥2.3bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥1.5bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥1.7bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥6.4bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥2.3bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥1.2bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥1.1bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥1.1bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥1.0bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥615.52 | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥431.6 | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥407.88 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥314.41 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥310.75 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥4,631.37 | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥3,979.14 | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥3,586.2 | at 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥3,227.05 | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,897.55 | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 71.0% | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 70.7% | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 69.3% | at 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 66.7% | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 65.7% | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 14.3% | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 11.4% | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 12.0% | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 10.3% | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 11.1% | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 2,419 | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,292 | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,218 | at 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,043 | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,127 | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Revenue | ¥92.0bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥82.5bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥75.2bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥67.2bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥65.5bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥10.9bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥8.2bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥12.4bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥9.6bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥9.6bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥7.5bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥6.7bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥12.5bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥9.6bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Net income | ¥9.2bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥6.7bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥6.9bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥5.9bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥4.4bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥103.3bn | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥89.5bn | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥82.3bn | at 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥79.7bn | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥70.0bn | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥27.8bn | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥23.2bn | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥75.5bn | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥66.3bn | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥60.4bn | at 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥54.3bn | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥48.5bn | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥38.4bn | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥32.9bn | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| EPS (basic) | ¥457.75 | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥336.27 | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥343.5 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥292.6 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥218.38 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥105 | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥73 | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥62 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥53 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥48 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥3,773.96 | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥3,302.58 | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥3,012.42 | at 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,711.25 | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,420.05 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 73.1% | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 74.0% | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 73.3% | at 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 68.2% | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 69.3% | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 12.9% | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 10.7% | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 12.0% | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 11.4% | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 9.3% | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 22,066,000 | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 22,066,000 | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 22,066,000 | at 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 22,066,000 | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 22,066,000 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 1,865 | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,769 | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,722 | at 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,592 | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,550 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.
All source rows · 1,718
| Item | Context | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Purchase of treasury stock | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | -836000000 | JPY |
| Net changes of items other than shareholders equity | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_ValuationDifferenceOnAvailableForSaleSecuritiesMember | 1875000000 | JPY |
| Net changes of items other than shareholders equity | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_ValuationAndTranslationAdjustmentsMember | 1875000000 | JPY |
| Net changes of items other than shareholders equity | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 1875000000 | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_TreasuryStockMember | -626000000 | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_ShareholdersEquityMember | 7415000000 | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_ValuationDifferenceOnAvailableForSaleSecuritiesMember | 1875000000 | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_ValuationAndTranslationAdjustmentsMember | 1875000000 | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 9290000000 | JPY |
| Net assets | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_TreasuryStockMember | -3799000000 | JPY |
| Net assets | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_ShareholdersEquityMember | 69225000000 | JPY |
| Net assets | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_ValuationDifferenceOnAvailableForSaleSecuritiesMember | 6325000000 | JPY |
| Net assets | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_ValuationAndTranslationAdjustmentsMember | 6325000000 | JPY |
| Net assets | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 75550000000 | JPY |
| Freightage and packing expenses sga | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 2792000000 | JPY |
| Freightage and packing expenses sga | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 2604000000 | JPY |
| Compensation salaries and allowances sga | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 3707000000 | JPY |
| Compensation salaries and allowances sga | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 3754000000 | JPY |
| Provision for bonuses sga | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 537000000 | JPY |
| Provision for bonuses sga | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 1071000000 | JPY |
| Retirement benefit expenses sga | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 164000000 | JPY |
| Retirement benefit expenses sga | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 177000000 | JPY |
| Provision for product warranties sga | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 428000000 | JPY |
| Provision for product warranties sga | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 399000000 | JPY |
| Provision of allowance for doubtful accounts sga | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 44000000 | JPY |
| Provision of allowance for doubtful accounts sga | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | -41000000 | JPY |
| Document title cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)有価証券報告書(2024年7月31日付け訂正報告書の添付インラインXBRL) | |
| Clause of stipulation cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)金融商品取引法第24条第１項 | |
| Place of filing cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)近畿財務局長 | |
| Filing date cover page | FilingDateInstant | 2024-06-26 | |
| Fiscal year cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)第73期(自 2023年４月１日 至 2024年３月31日) | |
| Company name cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)フクシマガリレイ株式会社 | |
| Company name in english cover page | FilingDateInstant | FUKUSHIMA GALILEI CO. LTD. | |
| Title and name of representative cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)代表取締役 社長執行役員 福 島 豪 | |
| Address of registered headquarter cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)大阪府大阪市西淀川区竹島２丁目６番18号 | |
| Telephone number address of registered headquarter cover page | FilingDateInstant | (06)6477－2023 | |
| Name of contact person address of registered headquarter cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)取締役 上級執行役員 管理本部長 日 野 達 雄 | |
| Nearest place of contact cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)大阪府大阪市西淀川区竹島２丁目６番18号 | |
| Telephone number nearest place of contact cover page | FilingDateInstant | (06)6477－2023 | |
| Name of contact person nearest place of contact cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)取締役 上級執行役員 管理本部長 日 野 達 雄 | |
| Place for public inspection cover page (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Edinet code | FilingDateInstant | E02006 | |
| Fund code | FilingDateInstant | － | |
| Security code | FilingDateInstant | 64200 | |
| Filer name in japanese | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)フクシマガリレイ株式会社 | |
| Filer name in english | FilingDateInstant | FUKUSHIMA GALILEI CO. LTD. | |
| Fund name in japanese | FilingDateInstant | － | |
| Fund name in english | FilingDateInstant | － | |
| Cabinet office ordinance | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)企業内容等の開示に関する内閣府令 | |
| Document type | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)第三号様式 |
Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.
Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| dei present | pass |
| period resolution | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |