Annual report

Period2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31
Filed2024-06-25
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed

Amended by S100W2V0 (2025-06-24).

Key figures · 142
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥31.6bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥25.3bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥20.0bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥17.0bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥26.1bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥2.8bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥623m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥3.6bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥1.3bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥1.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income−¥2.9bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income−¥862m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥3.6bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥2.8bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥3.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥3.1bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥605m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)−¥7.6bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)−¥1.8bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥3.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥3.1bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥47.7bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥38.8bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥33.1bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥31.8bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥37.1bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥19.0bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥11.7bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥28.7bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥27.2bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥23.2bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥22.1bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥30.3bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥12.5bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥13.2bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥12.5bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥13.2bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥14.2bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥12.4bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥9.3bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥4.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow−¥800m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥1.3bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥844m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥659m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥403m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow¥522m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥256m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥35m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥610m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥4.1bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥1.4bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow¥398m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥4.0bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥630m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥112.592023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥106.242022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥20.412021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-254.832020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-60.572019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,018.44at 2024-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥925.68at 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥781.16at 2022-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥745.55at 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,021.68at 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio60.1%at 2024-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio70.0%at 2023-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio69.9%at 2022-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio69.6%at 2021-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio81.7%at 2020-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE11.8%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE12.5%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE2.7%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees564at 2024-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees526at 2023-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees528at 2022-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees581at 2021-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees631at 2020-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥11.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥6.3bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥5.5bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥5.0bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥8.1bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥825m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income−¥302m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥2.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥511m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income−¥46m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income−¥714m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income−¥732m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥2.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥2.0bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥3.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥1.8bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income−¥126m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income−¥2.6bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income−¥1.1bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥31.8bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥23.7bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥22.2bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥22.4bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥21.1bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥14.1bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥6.9bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥17.7bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥16.9bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥15.6bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥15.9bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥18.6bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥7.4bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥7.8bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥108.332023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥61.42022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-4.262021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-87.132020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-37.662019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥262023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥102022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥52021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥172019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥630.3at 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥574.84at 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥526.55at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥537.27at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥625.85at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio55.8%at 2024-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio71.1%at 2023-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio70.2%at 2022-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio71.3%at 2021-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio88.2%at 2020-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE18.3%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE11.2%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued29,672,651at 2024-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued29,672,651at 2023-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued29,662,851at 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued29,662,851at 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued29,662,851at 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees253at 2024-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees218at 2023-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees218at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees263at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees269at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 56
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥72m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥12.9bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31−¥1.3bn
Domestic Commercialreportable segmentdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥10m
Domestic Commercialreportable segmentrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.7bn
Domestic Commercialreportable segmentrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.7bn
Domestic Commercialreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥3.0bn
Domestic Commercialreportable segmentsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥524m
Equipment For Amusement Industryreportable segmentdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥33m
Equipment For Amusement Industryreportable segmentrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥5.7bn
Equipment For Amusement Industryreportable segmentrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥5.7bn
Equipment For Amusement Industryreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥3.6bn
Equipment For Amusement Industryreportable segmentsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥1.0bn
Global Gamingreportable segmentdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥226m
Global Gamingreportable segmentrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥17.3bn
Global Gamingreportable segmentrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥17.3bn
Global Gamingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥19.3bn
Global Gamingreportable segmentsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥2.8bn
Overseas Commercialreportable segmentdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥48m
Overseas Commercialreportable segmentrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥5.9bn
Overseas Commercialreportable segmentrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥5.9bn
Overseas Commercialreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥8.9bn
Overseas Commercialreportable segmentsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31−¥176m
—segment totaldepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥317m
—segment totalrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥31.6bn
—segment totalrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥31.6bn
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥34.8bn
—segment totalsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥4.1bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥38m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥12.3bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥1.0bn
Domestic Commercialreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥3m
Domestic Commercialreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.9bn
Domestic Commercialreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.9bn
Domestic Commercialreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥1.7bn
Domestic Commercialreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥102m
Equipment For Amusement Industryreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥22m
Equipment For Amusement Industryreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥4.3bn
Equipment For Amusement Industryreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥4.3bn
Equipment For Amusement Industryreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥3.7bn
Equipment For Amusement Industryreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥125m
Global Gamingreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥152m
Global Gamingreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥14.6bn
Global Gamingreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥14.6bn
Global Gamingreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥14.8bn
Global Gamingreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.6bn
Overseas Commercialreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥29m
Overseas Commercialreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥4.5bn
Overseas Commercialreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥4.5bn
Overseas Commercialreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥6.3bn
Overseas Commercialreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥38m
—segment totaldepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥206m
—segment totalrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥25.3bn
—segment totalrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥25.3bn
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥26.6bn
—segment totalsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.7bn

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,611
ItemContextValueUnit
Ordinary incomeCurrentYearDuration3568035000JPY
Gain on sales of noncurrent assets eiPrior1YearDuration1587839000JPY
Gain on sales of noncurrent assets eiCurrentYearDuration2984000JPY
Gain on sales of investment securities eiPrior1YearDuration-JPY
Gain on sales of investment securities eiCurrentYearDuration65563000JPY
Extraordinary incomePrior1YearDuration1587839000JPY
Extraordinary incomeCurrentYearDuration68548000JPY
Loss on retirement of noncurrent assets elPrior1YearDuration1492000JPY
Loss on retirement of noncurrent assets elCurrentYearDuration2133000JPY
Loss on valuation of investment securities elPrior1YearDuration9568000JPY
Loss on valuation of investment securities elCurrentYearDuration-JPY
Extraordinary lossPrior1YearDuration11060000JPY
Extraordinary lossCurrentYearDuration2133000JPY
Income before income taxesPrior1YearDuration2844346000JPY
Income before income taxesCurrentYearDuration3634449000JPY
Income taxes currentPrior1YearDuration564902000JPY
Income taxes currentCurrentYearDuration819494000JPY
Income taxes deferredPrior1YearDuration-866703000JPY
Income taxes deferredCurrentYearDuration-466973000JPY
Income taxesPrior1YearDuration-301801000JPY
Income taxesCurrentYearDuration352521000JPY
Profit lossPrior1YearDuration3146147000JPY
Profit lossCurrentYearDuration3281928000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parentPrior1YearDuration3146147000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parentCurrentYearDuration3281928000JPY
Profit lossPrior1YearDuration3146147000JPY
Profit lossCurrentYearDuration3281928000JPY
Valuation difference on available for sale securities net of tax ociPrior1YearDuration63484000JPY
Valuation difference on available for sale securities net of tax ociCurrentYearDuration71879000JPY
Foreign currency translation adjustment net of tax ociPrior1YearDuration1415119000JPY
Foreign currency translation adjustment net of tax ociCurrentYearDuration482445000JPY
Share of other comprehensive income of associates accounted for using equity method ociPrior1YearDuration-JPY
Share of other comprehensive income of associates accounted for using equity method ociCurrentYearDuration19151000JPY
Other comprehensive incomePrior1YearDuration1478603000JPY
Other comprehensive incomeCurrentYearDuration573475000JPY
Comprehensive incomePrior1YearDuration4624751000JPY
Comprehensive incomeCurrentYearDuration3855404000JPY
Comprehensive income attributable to owners of the parentPrior1YearDuration4624751000JPY
Comprehensive income attributable to owners of the parentCurrentYearDuration3855404000JPY
Comprehensive income attributable to non controlling interestsPrior1YearDuration-JPY
Comprehensive income attributable to non controlling interestsCurrentYearDuration-JPY
Net assetsPrior2YearInstant_CapitalStockMember2216945000JPY
Net assetsPrior2YearInstant_CapitalSurplusMember2762525000JPY
Net assetsPrior2YearInstant_RetainedEarningsMember18790970000JPY
Net assetsPrior2YearInstant_TreasuryStockMember-2379000JPY
Net assetsPrior2YearInstant_ShareholdersEquityMember23768061000JPY
Dividends from surplusPrior1YearDuration_RetainedEarningsMember-237310000JPY
Dividends from surplusPrior1YearDuration_ShareholdersEquityMember-237310000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parentPrior1YearDuration_RetainedEarningsMember3146147000JPY
Profit loss attributable to owners of parentPrior1YearDuration_ShareholdersEquityMember3146147000JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2023-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2024-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass