Annual report

Period2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31
Filed2025-06-25
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥30.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥29.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥28.5bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥22.2bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥19.9bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥6.1bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥4.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥6.3bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥5.4bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥5.5bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥3.0bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥2.5bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥5.9bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥4.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥3.8bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥3.1bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥4.0bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥2.0bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥2.3bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥4.1bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥3.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥42.4bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥42.0bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥41.6bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥39.0bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥35.6bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥8.9bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥9.6bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥33.5bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥32.5bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥31.5bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥30.3bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥28.8bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥13.9bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥14.3bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥12.0bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥10.8bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥14.9bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥13.0bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥11.8bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥3.9bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥2.4bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥4.9bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥3.8bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥3.6bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow¥1.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥3.0bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow¥282m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥1.5bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥275m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥4.7bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥4.1bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥3.7bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥1.7bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥1.1bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥219.272024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥173.812023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥214.952022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥103.292021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥118.082020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,971.14at 2025-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,809.38at 2024-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,716.1at 2023-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,579.6at 2022-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,459.79at 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio77.2%at 2025-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio75.8%at 2024-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio74.7%at 2023-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio77.0%at 2022-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio80.5%at 2021-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE11.8%2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE9.9%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE13.1%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE6.8%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE8.4%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees1,107at 2025-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees1,249at 2024-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees1,269at 2023-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees1,273at 2022-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees1,267at 2021-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥13.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥12.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥11.7bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥10.1bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥9.6bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥2.8bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥1.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥5.4bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥4.8bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥2.1bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.4bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥5.2bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥4.8bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥4.1bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥4.0bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥1.8bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥1.1bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥1.1bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥23.4bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥23.0bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥22.1bnat 2023-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥23.8bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥23.8bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥3.1bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥2.9bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥20.3bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥20.1bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥19.3bnat 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥21.1bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥21.6bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥4.0bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥4.3bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥237.712024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥220.782023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥94.22022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥56.882021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥54.022020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1102024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥922023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1162022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥502021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥362020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,221.29at 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,141.51at 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,062.87at 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,110.86at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,098.52at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio86.9%at 2025-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio87.4%at 2024-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio87.0%at 2023-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio88.8%at 2022-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio90.8%at 2021-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE20.5%2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE20.2%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE8.7%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.1%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.0%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued16,880,038at 2025-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued18,480,038at 2024-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued18,990,038at 2023-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued20,440,038at 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued20,423,438at 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees317at 2025-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees305at 2024-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees314at 2023-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees321at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees318at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 39
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentscapex2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥7m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥4m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsemployeesat 2025-03-318 pure
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥253m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥253m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment assetsat 2025-03-31¥245m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥30m
—segment totalcapex2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥855m
—segment totaldepreciation2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥957m
—segment totalemployeesat 2025-03-31993 pure
—segment totalrevenue2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥30.3bn
—segment totalrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥30.3bn
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2025-03-31¥42.2bn
—segment totalsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥6.0bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥862m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥962m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥30.5bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥30.5bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2025-03-31¥42.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥6.1bn
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentscapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥7m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥5m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥296m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentsrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥296m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥318m
Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segmentssegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥37m
—segment totalcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥903m
—segment totaldepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥1.1bn
—segment totalrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥28.9bn
—segment totalrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥28.9bn
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥41.7bn
—segment totalsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥4.8bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥910m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥1.1bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥29.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥29.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥42.0bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥4.9bn
—segment totalemployeesat 2025-03-31292 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,655
ItemContextValueUnit
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant39001124000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant41596930000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant42040322000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant42396568000JPY
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant1459.79
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant1579.60
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant1716.10
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant1809.38
Net assets per share (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant1971.14
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration118.08
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration103.29
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration214.95
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration173.81
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration219.27
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration-
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration-
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration-
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration-
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration-
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant0.805
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant0.770
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant0.747
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant0.758
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant0.772
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration0.084
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration0.068
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration0.131
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration0.099
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration0.118
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration11.20
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration15.24
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration11.41
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration14.70
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration13.33
Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration3589583000JPY
Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration3766624000JPY
Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration4853199000JPY
Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration2395100000JPY
Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration3944667000JPY
Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration-275407000JPY
Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration-1474924000JPY
Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration281920000JPY
Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration-2973355000JPY
Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration1470431000JPY
Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration-1106277000JPY
Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration-1651878000JPY
Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration-3713623000JPY
Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration-4076074000JPY
Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration-4706674000JPY
Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant11810351000JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2025-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass rounding
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass