Annual report

Period2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31
Filed2023-04-28
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed

Amends S100HHUD.

Key figures · 145
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥6.9bn2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥6.4bn2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥4.8bn2016-09-01 → 2017-08-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥4.0bn2015-09-01 → 2016-08-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥9.3bn2014-09-01 → 2015-08-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥687m2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥506m2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥659m2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥458m2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥498m2016-09-01 → 2017-08-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥81m2015-09-01 → 2016-08-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥423m2014-09-01 → 2015-08-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥659m2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥487m2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥681m2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥411m2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥283m2016-09-01 → 2017-08-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)−¥123m2015-09-01 → 2016-08-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥562m2014-09-01 → 2015-08-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥681m2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥411m2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥7.9bnat 2019-08-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥8.1bnat 2018-08-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥7.9bnat 2017-08-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥10.6bnat 2016-08-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥10.1bnat 2015-08-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥1.5bnat 2019-08-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥2.3bnat 2018-08-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥6.4bnat 2019-08-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥5.8bnat 2018-08-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥5.4bnat 2017-08-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥5.1bnat 2016-08-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥5.3bnat 2015-08-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥719mat 2019-08-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥900mat 2018-08-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥719mat 2019-08-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥900mat 2018-08-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥1.0bnat 2017-08-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥1.3bnat 2016-08-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥2.3bnat 2015-08-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥17m2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥456m2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥404m2016-09-01 → 2017-08-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥627m2015-09-01 → 2016-08-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥959m2014-09-01 → 2015-08-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥55m2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥22m2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow¥386m2016-09-01 → 2017-08-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow¥152m2015-09-01 → 2016-08-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥29m2014-09-01 → 2015-08-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥107m2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥565m2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥1.1bn2016-09-01 → 2017-08-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥1.7bn2015-09-01 → 2016-08-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥860m2014-09-01 → 2015-08-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥30.872018-09-01 → 2019-08-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥18.622017-09-01 → 2018-08-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥12.832016-09-01 → 2017-08-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-5.572015-09-01 → 2016-08-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥25.472014-09-01 → 2015-08-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥291.17at 2019-08-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥262.38at 2018-08-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥243.72at 2017-08-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥230.29at 2016-08-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥239.52at 2015-08-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio81.0%at 2019-08-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio71.8%at 2018-08-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio67.7%at 2017-08-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio47.9%at 2016-08-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio52.4%at 2015-08-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE11.2%2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE7.4%2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.4%2016-09-01 → 2017-08-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE-2.4%2015-09-01 → 2016-08-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE11.3%2014-09-01 → 2015-08-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees159at 2019-08-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees156at 2018-08-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees166at 2017-08-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees169at 2016-08-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees177at 2015-08-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥6.8bn2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥6.4bn2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥4.8bn2016-09-01 → 2017-08-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥4.0bn2015-09-01 → 2016-08-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥9.2bn2014-09-01 → 2015-08-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥625m2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥479m2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥596m2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥435m2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥608m2016-09-01 → 2017-08-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥79m2015-09-01 → 2016-08-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥352m2014-09-01 → 2015-08-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥596m2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥464m2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥629m2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥393m2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥396m2016-09-01 → 2017-08-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income−¥132m2015-09-01 → 2016-08-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥513m2014-09-01 → 2015-08-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥7.7bnat 2019-08-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥7.9bnat 2018-08-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥7.8bnat 2017-08-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥10.4bnat 2016-08-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥9.8bnat 2015-08-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥1.5bnat 2019-08-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥2.3bnat 2018-08-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥6.2bnat 2019-08-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥5.7bnat 2018-08-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥5.3bnat 2017-08-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥4.9bnat 2016-08-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥5.0bnat 2015-08-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥707mat 2019-08-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥827mat 2018-08-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥28.512018-09-01 → 2019-08-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥17.812017-09-01 → 2018-08-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥17.972016-09-01 → 2017-08-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-5.972015-09-01 → 2016-08-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥23.272014-09-01 → 2015-08-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥3.52018-09-01 → 2019-08-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥22017-09-01 → 2018-08-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥283.27at 2019-08-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥256.76at 2018-08-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥238.94at 2017-08-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥220.97at 2016-08-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥226.95at 2015-08-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio80.7%at 2019-08-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio71.5%at 2018-08-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio67.3%at 2017-08-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio46.8%at 2016-08-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio51.2%at 2015-08-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE10.6%2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE7.2%2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE7.8%2016-09-01 → 2017-08-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE-2.7%2015-09-01 → 2016-08-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE10.8%2014-09-01 → 2015-08-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued22,052,426at 2019-08-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued22,052,426at 2018-08-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued22,052,426at 2017-08-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued22,052,426at 2016-08-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued22,052,426at 2015-08-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees156at 2019-08-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees154at 2018-08-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees163at 2017-08-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees167at 2016-08-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees172at 2015-08-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 32
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31¥25m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31−¥534m
Enviromental Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31¥12m
Enviromental Businessreportable segmentemployeesat 2019-08-3113 pure
Enviromental Businessreportable segmentrevenue2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31¥477m
Enviromental Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31¥477m
Enviromental Businessreportable segmentsegment profit2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31¥71m
Equipment Related Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31¥160m
Equipment Related Businessreportable segmentemployeesat 2019-08-31101 pure
Equipment Related Businessreportable segmentrevenue2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31¥6.4bn
Equipment Related Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31¥6.4bn
Equipment Related Businessreportable segmentsegment profit2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31¥1.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31¥172m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31¥6.9bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31¥6.9bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment profit2018-09-01 → 2019-08-31¥1.2bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31¥25m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31−¥494m
Enviromental Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31¥11m
Enviromental Businessreportable segmentrevenue2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31¥278m
Enviromental Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31¥278m
Enviromental Businessreportable segmentsegment profit2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31¥23m
Equipment Related Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31¥162m
Equipment Related Businessreportable segmentrevenue2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31¥6.2bn
Equipment Related Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31¥6.2bn
Equipment Related Businessreportable segmentsegment profit2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31¥978m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31¥173m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31¥6.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31¥6.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment profit2017-09-01 → 2018-08-31¥1.0bn
Enviromental Businessreportable segmentemployeesat 2019-08-3113 pure
Equipment Related Businessreportable segmentemployeesat 2019-08-3198 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,235
ItemContextValueUnit
Name of financial instruments exchange on which securities are listed or authorized financial instruments business association to which securities are registeredFilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember
Original text (Japanese)東京証券取引所(マザーズ)
Description issued shares total number of shares etcFilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember
Original text (Japanese)単元株式数100株
Details of employee share option program (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Description of rights plan (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Other information about share acquisition rights (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Exercises etc of moving strike convertible bonds etc (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Changes in number of issued shares stated capital etc (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Shareholding by shareholder category (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Major shareholders (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No1MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)隣   良 郎
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No1MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)東京都世田谷区
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No2MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)伊 藤 雅 文
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No2MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)埼玉県さいたま市浦和区
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No3MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)日本トラスティ・サービス信託銀行株式会社(信託口)
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No3MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)東京都中央区晴海1丁目8-11
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No4MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)GOLDMAN SACHS INTERNATIONAL(常任代理人 ゴールドマン・サックス証券株式会社)
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No4MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)133 FLEET STREET LONDON EC4A2BB U.K.(東京都港区六本木6丁目10番1号)
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No5MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)BNY GCM CLIENT ACCOUNT JPRDAC ISG (FE-AC)(常任代理人 株式会社三菱UFJ銀行)
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No5MajorShareholdersMemberText · Plus
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No6MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)日本マスタートラスト信託銀行株式会社(信託口)
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No6MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)東京都港区浜松町2丁目11番3号
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No7MajorShareholdersMemberText · Plus
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No7MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)1 CHURCH PLACE,LONDON,E14 5HP UK(東京都千代田区丸の内2丁目7-1)
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No8MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)資産管理サービス信託銀行株式会社(証券投資信託口)
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No8MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)東京都中央区晴海1丁目8-12
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No9MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)陰 山 理 枝
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No9MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)島根県出雲市
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No10MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)株式会社三菱UFJ銀行
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No10MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)東京都千代田区丸の内2丁目7番1号
Issued shares voting rights (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Description issued shares voting rightsCurrentYearInstant_SharesWithNoVotingRightsMember-
Description issued shares voting rightsCurrentYearInstant_SharesWithRestrictedVotingRightsTreasurySharesEtcMember-
Description issued shares voting rightsCurrentYearInstant_SharesWithRestrictedVotingRightsOtherMember-
Description issued shares voting rightsCurrentYearInstant_SharesWithFullVotingRightsTreasurySharesEtcMember-
Description issued shares voting rightsCurrentYearInstant_SharesWithFullVotingRightsOtherMember-
Description issued shares voting rightsCurrentYearInstant_SharesLessThanOneUnitMember-
Treasury shares etc (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Name of shareholder treasury shares etcCurrentYearInstant_Row1Member
Original text (Japanese)株式会社エヌ・ピー・シー
Address of shareholder treasury shares etcCurrentYearInstant_Row1Member
Original text (Japanese)東京都台東区東上野一丁目7番15号
Classes of shares etc (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Acquisitions by resolution of shareholders meeting (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Acquisitions by resolution of board of directors meeting (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Acquisitions not based on resolution of shareholders meeting or board of directors meeting (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Disposals or holding of acquired treasury shares (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Dividend policy (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Date of resolution dividends of surplusFilingDateInstant_Row1Member2019-11-28
Resolution dividends of surplusFilingDateInstant_Row1Member
Original text (Japanese)定時株主総会
Overview of corporate governance (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Corporate governance company with corporate auditors (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Information about officers (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2018-08-31pass rounding
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2019-08-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2018-08-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2019-08-31pass
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2017-08-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2018-08-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2019-08-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2017-08-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2018-08-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2019-08-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2017-09-01/2018-08-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2018-09-01/2019-08-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2017-09-01/2018-08-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2018-09-01/2019-08-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2017-09-01/2018-08-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2018-09-01/2019-08-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2017-09-01/2018-08-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2018-09-01/2019-08-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2018-08-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2019-08-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2018-08-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2019-08-31pass