Annual report

Period2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31
Filed2025-06-26
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥7.6bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥7.2bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥7.2bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥7.0bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥6.5bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥2m2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥156m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥31m2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥195m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥195m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥313m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥18m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax−¥272m2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥162m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)−¥236m2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥134m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥203m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥238m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥114m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income−¥236m2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥134m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥9.3bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥9.4bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥9.4bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥9.7bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥10.3bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥4.4bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥4.4bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥4.9bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥5.0bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥4.9bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥4.7bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥4.4bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥2.0bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥2.3bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥1.2bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥1.4bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥891mat 2023-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥956mat 2022-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥1.5bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥483m2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥641m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥433m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥436m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥719m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥747m2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow¥71m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow¥88m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥214m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥55m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥38m2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥240m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥619m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥762m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥50m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-51.742024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥29.382023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥44.752022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥52.562021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥25.062020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,069.6at 2025-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,105.64at 2024-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,077.92at 2023-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,030.86at 2022-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥976.73at 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio52.5%at 2025-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio53.6%at 2024-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio52.1%at 2023-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio48.1%at 2022-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio42.8%at 2021-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE-4.8%2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE2.7%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE4.2%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.2%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE2.6%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees506at 2025-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees484at 2024-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees486at 2023-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees508at 2022-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees514at 2021-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥6.7bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥6.3bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥6.4bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥6.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥6.1bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income−¥108m2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥59m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income−¥32m2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥133m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥98m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥241m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥83m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax−¥332m2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥105m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income−¥253m2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥92m2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥122m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥175m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥175m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥8.1bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥8.3bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥8.5bnat 2023-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥8.9bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥9.7bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥4.3bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥4.2bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥3.8bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥4.1bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥4.1bnat 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥4.1bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥4.0bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥1.1bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥1.7bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥-55.492024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥20.182023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥26.792022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥38.642021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥38.512020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥202024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥202023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥202022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥202021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥102020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥832.23at 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥906.31at 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥903.48at 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥892.96at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥876.01at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio47.1%at 2025-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio49.5%at 2024-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio48.4%at 2023-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio45.3%at 2022-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio40.8%at 2021-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE-6.4%2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE2.2%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.0%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE4.4%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE4.4%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued4,618,520at 2025-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued4,618,520at 2024-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued4,618,520at 2023-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued4,618,520at 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued4,618,520at 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees319at 2025-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees317at 2024-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees320at 2023-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees315at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees313at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 40
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Industrial Rubber Businessreportable segmentcapex2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥933m
Industrial Rubber Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥379m
Industrial Rubber Businessreportable segmentemployeesat 2025-03-31387 pure
Industrial Rubber Businessreportable segmentrevenue2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥5.9bn
Industrial Rubber Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥5.9bn
Industrial Rubber Businessreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2025-03-31¥5.6bn
Industrial Rubber Businessreportable segmentsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥115m
Rubber Business For Medical Care Hygienereportable segmentcapex2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥104m
Rubber Business For Medical Care Hygienereportable segmentdepreciation2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥123m
Rubber Business For Medical Care Hygienereportable segmentemployeesat 2025-03-3174 pure
Rubber Business For Medical Care Hygienereportable segmentrevenue2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥1.8bn
Rubber Business For Medical Care Hygienereportable segmentrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥1.8bn
Rubber Business For Medical Care Hygienereportable segmentsegment assetsat 2025-03-31¥1.9bn
Rubber Business For Medical Care Hygienereportable segmentsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥175m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥1.0bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥502m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥7.6bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥7.6bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2025-03-31¥7.4bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment profit2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31¥289m
Industrial Rubber Businessreportable segmentcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥299m
Industrial Rubber Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥303m
Industrial Rubber Businessreportable segmentrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥5.6bn
Industrial Rubber Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥5.6bn
Industrial Rubber Businessreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥5.3bn
Industrial Rubber Businessreportable segmentsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥305m
Rubber Business For Medical Care Hygienereportable segmentcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥127m
Rubber Business For Medical Care Hygienereportable segmentdepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥120m
Rubber Business For Medical Care Hygienereportable segmentrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥1.5bn
Rubber Business For Medical Care Hygienereportable segmentrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥1.5bn
Rubber Business For Medical Care Hygienereportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥1.8bn
Rubber Business For Medical Care Hygienereportable segmentsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥120m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalcapex2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥426m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totaldepreciation2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥423m
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥7.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalrevenue external2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥7.2bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment assetsat 2024-03-31¥7.1bn
Total Of Reportable Segments And Otherssegment totalsegment profit2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31¥425m
Industrial Rubber Businessreportable segmentemployeesat 2025-03-31210 pure
Rubber Business For Medical Care Hygienereportable segmentemployeesat 2025-03-3174 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,481
ItemContextValueUnit
Impairment loss elCurrentYearDuration_UnallocatedAmountsAndEliminationMember3300000JPY
Impairment loss elCurrentYearDuration288329000JPY
Cash and depositsPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1658759000JPY
Cash and depositsCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1072213000JPY
Notes receivable tradePrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember32609000JPY
Notes receivable tradeCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember34851000JPY
Accounts receivable tradePrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1355799000JPY
Accounts receivable tradeCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1413475000JPY
Electronically recorded monetary claims operating caPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember340100000JPY
Electronically recorded monetary claims operating caCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember283258000JPY
Merchandise and finished goodsPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember331279000JPY
Merchandise and finished goodsCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember307771000JPY
Work in processPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember386574000JPY
Work in processCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember377463000JPY
Raw materials and suppliesPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember188053000JPY
Raw materials and suppliesCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember159878000JPY
Prepaid expensesPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember41485000JPY
Prepaid expensesCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember45721000JPY
Other caPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember5682000JPY
Other caCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember70578000JPY
Allowance for doubtful accounts caPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember-28857000JPY
Allowance for doubtful accounts caCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember-40744000JPY
Current assetsPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember4311486000JPY
Current assetsCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember3724467000JPY
Buildings netPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember966452000JPY
Buildings netCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember945118000JPY
Structures netPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember96425000JPY
Structures netCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember128712000JPY
Machinery and equipment netPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1025797000JPY
Machinery and equipment netCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1147392000JPY
Vehicles netPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember12677000JPY
Vehicles netCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember12709000JPY
Tools furniture and fixtures netPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember108344000JPY
Tools furniture and fixtures netCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember138363000JPY
LandPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember864643000JPY
LandCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember827533000JPY
Lease assets net ppePrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember4529000JPY
Lease assets net ppeCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember26804000JPY
Other ppePrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember491000JPY
Other ppeCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember17176000JPY
Property plant and equipmentPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember3079361000JPY
Property plant and equipmentCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember3243809000JPY
SoftwarePrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember47103000JPY
SoftwareCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember36826000JPY
Other iaPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember4295000JPY
Other iaCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember3954000JPY
Intangible assetsPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember51399000JPY
Intangible assetsCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember40780000JPY
Investment securitiesPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember184132000JPY
Investment securitiesCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember197803000JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass