Annual report
4685.TEDINET S100TT2P
Period2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31
Filed2024-06-26
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
| Metric | Value | Period | Scope | Source row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | ¥37.1bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥33.1bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥30.3bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥31.6bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥33.1bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥3.6bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥2.7bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥3.6bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥2.7bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥2.5bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥2.3bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥2.6bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥3.6bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥2.7bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Net income (owners) | ¥2.4bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥1.8bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥1.6bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥1.4bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥1.7bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥2.6bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥2.0bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Total assets | ¥26.8bn | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥23.0bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥21.9bn | at 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥20.1bn | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥19.3bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥8.7bn | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥7.2bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥18.2bn | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥15.8bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥14.4bn | at 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥13.0bn | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥11.4bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥2.2bn | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥1.8bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥2.2bn | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥1.8bn | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥1.5bn | at 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥1.8bn | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥2.6bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥4.1bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | −¥430m | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥2.4bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥806m | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥1.5bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥2.8bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | ¥1.3bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥2.3bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥1.2bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥156m | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥899m | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥526m | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥420m | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥381m | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥356m | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥379.76 | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥288.76 | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥249.18 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥223.96 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥264.97 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,631.13 | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,292 | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,084.41 | at 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,886.75 | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,633.39 | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 62.4% | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 63.3% | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 60.3% | at 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 59.7% | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 53.6% | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 15.4% | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 13.2% | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 12.5% | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 12.7% | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 17.2% | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 2,012 | at 2024-03-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,018 | at 2023-03-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,026 | at 2022-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,007 | at 2021-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 2,002 | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Revenue | ¥27.9bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥24.5bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥21.5bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥22.8bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥24.0bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥3.0bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥2.2bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥3.1bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥2.3bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥2.0bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥1.9bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥2.2bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥3.1bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥2.3bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Net income | ¥2.2bn | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥1.7bn | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥1.4bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥1.3bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥1.5bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥20.7bn | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥17.6bn | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥15.6bn | at 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥14.1bn | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥13.7bn | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥6.7bn | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥4.9bn | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥14.1bn | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥12.6bn | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥11.4bn | at 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥10.4bn | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥9.4bn | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥1.3bn | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥820m | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| EPS (basic) | ¥346.05 | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥265.25 | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥220.71 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥200.33 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥242.06 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥120 | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥90 | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥75 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥60 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥275 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,209.47 | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,990.11 | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,798.61 | at 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,635.05 | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,477.94 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 67.9% | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 72.0% | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 72.9% | at 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 73.7% | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 68.5% | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 16.5% | 2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 14.0% | 2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 12.9% | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 12.9% | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 17.5% | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 6,377,518 | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 6,368,506 | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 6,355,000 | at 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 6,355,000 | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 1,271,000 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 1,245 | at 2024-03-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,239 | at 2023-03-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,244 | at 2022-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,216 | at 2021-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,207 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.
All source rows · 1,298
| Item | Context | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average number of temporary workers | Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | － | |
| Average number of temporary workers | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | － | |
| Average number of temporary workers | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | － | |
| Average number of temporary workers | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | － | |
| Total shareholder return | Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.977 | |
| Total shareholder return | Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 1.344 | |
| Total shareholder return | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 1.354 | |
| Total shareholder return | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 1.502 | |
| Total shareholder return | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 2.426 | |
| Total return on share price index | Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.892 | |
| Total return on share price index | Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 1.376 | |
| Total return on share price index | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 1.312 | |
| Total return on share price index | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 1.322 | |
| Total return on share price index | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 1.904 | |
| Number of employees | CurrentYearInstant | 2012 | |
| Number of employees | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 1245 | |
| Average age years information about reporting company information about employees | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 43.8 | |
| Average length of service years information about reporting company information about employees | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 18.9 | |
| Average annual salary information about reporting company information about employees | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 7015830 | JPY |
| Ratio of female employees in managerial positions metrics of reporting company | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.034 | |
| All employees calculated based on provisions of article714 item1 of ordinance for enforcement of act on childcare leave caregiver leave and other measures for the welfare of workers caring for children or other family members ratio of male employees taking childcare leave metrics of reporting company | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.375 | |
| All employees differences in wages between male and female employees metrics of reporting company | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.762 | |
| Regular employees differences in wages between male and female employees metrics of reporting company | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.773 | |
| Non regular employees differences in wages between male and female employees metrics of reporting company | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 0.661 | |
| Ratio of female employees in managerial positions metrics of consolidated subsidiaries | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | 0.091 | |
| All employees ratio of male employees taking childcare leave metrics of consolidated subsidiaries | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | 0.000 | |
| All employees differences in wages between male and female employees metrics of consolidated subsidiaries | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | 0.803 | |
| Regular employees differences in wages between male and female employees metrics of consolidated subsidiaries | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | 0.806 | |
| Non regular employees differences in wages between male and female employees metrics of consolidated subsidiaries | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | 0.527 | |
| Targets description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | 600 | |
| Performance description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | 505 | |
| Targets description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row2Member | 16 | |
| Performance description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row2Member | 13.1 | |
| Targets description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row3Member | 30 | |
| Performance description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row3Member | 25.4 | |
| Targets description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row4Member | 18 | |
| Performance description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row4Member | 15.0 | |
| Targets description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row5Member | 3.8 | |
| Performance description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row5Member | 3.0 | |
| Performance description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row6Member | 75.8 | |
| Research and development expenses research and development activities | CurrentYearDuration | 91000000 | JPY |
| Capital expenditures overview of capital expenditures etc | CurrentYearDuration | 594000000 | JPY |
| Number of issued shares as of fiscal year end issued shares total number of shares etc | FilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 6377518 | |
| Number of issued shares as of filing date issued shares total number of shares etc | FilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 6377518 | |
| Number of issued shares as of fiscal year end issued shares total number of shares etc | FilingDateInstant | 6377518 | |
| Number of issued shares as of filing date issued shares total number of shares etc | FilingDateInstant | 6377518 | |
| Number of shares constituting one unit | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 100 | |
| Number of shareholders national and local governments | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | － | |
| Number of shareholders financial institutions | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 4 | |
| Number of shareholders financial service providers | CurrentYearInstant_OrdinaryShareMember | 14 |
Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.
Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| dei present | pass |
| period resolution | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |