Annual report

Period2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31
Filed2025-06-19
StandardIFRS
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks21 of 21 passed

Amended by S100W9NU (2025-07-01).

Key figures · 157
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥486.9bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Revenue IFRS
Revenue¥502.7bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Revenue IFRS
Revenue¥447.2bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Revenue IFRS (5-year summary)
Revenue¥361.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Revenue IFRS (5-year summary)
Revenue¥309.3bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Revenue IFRS (5-year summary)
Operating income¥59.7bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Operating profit loss IFRS
Operating income¥159.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Operating profit loss IFRS
Profit before tax¥59.3bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss before tax IFRS
Profit before tax¥163.7bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss before tax IFRS
Profit before tax¥143.5bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Profit loss before tax IFRS (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥105.0bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Profit loss before tax IFRS (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥100.9bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Profit loss before tax IFRS (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥50.0bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS
Net income (owners)¥128.0bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS
Net income (owners)¥112.7bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥80.5bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥75.4bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary)
Net income¥50.2bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Profit loss IFRS
Net income¥128.0bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Profit loss IFRS
Total assets¥1.06Tat 2025-03-31Cons.Assets IFRS
Total assets¥913.7bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Assets IFRS
Total assets¥882.4bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Total assets IFRS (5-year summary)
Total assets¥739.2bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Total assets IFRS (5-year summary)
Total assets¥745.4bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Total assets IFRS (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥275.8bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Liabilities IFRS
Total liabilities¥115.1bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Liabilities IFRS
Net assets / equity¥788.2bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Equity IFRS
Net assets / equity¥798.6bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Equity IFRS
Net assets / equity¥747.8bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Equity IFRS
Equity (owners)¥782.5bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS
Equity (owners)¥793.0bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS
Equity (owners)¥741.9bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary)
Equity (owners)¥655.9bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary)
Equity (owners)¥634.1bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥204.6bnat 2025-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents IFRS
Cash & equivalents¥166.1bnat 2024-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents IFRS
Cash & equivalents¥96.1bnat 2023-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents IFRS
Cash & equivalents¥69.1bnat 2022-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥61.0bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥82.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities IFRS
Operating cash flow¥110.7bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities IFRS
Operating cash flow¥159.6bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Cash flows from used in operating activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥61.8bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Cash flows from used in operating activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥74.0bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Cash flows from used in operating activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥136.8bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities IFRS
Investing cash flow¥48.1bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities IFRS
Investing cash flow−¥100.3bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Cash flows from used in investing activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow¥6.0bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Cash flows from used in investing activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥57.6bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Cash flows from used in investing activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥94.3bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities IFRS
Financing cash flow−¥89.8bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities IFRS
Financing cash flow−¥32.5bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Cash flows from used in financing activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥60.2bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Cash flows from used in financing activities IFRS (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥24.8bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Cash flows from used in financing activities IFRS (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥106.552024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share IFRS
EPS (basic)¥266.612023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share IFRS
EPS (basic)¥230.852022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥162.192021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥151.112020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥106.412024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Diluted earnings loss per share IFRS
EPS (diluted)¥266.572023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Diluted earnings loss per share IFRS
EPS (diluted)¥230.792022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Diluted earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥162.162021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Diluted earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥151.092020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Diluted earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,665.61at 2025-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,688.43at 2024-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,519.19at 2023-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,343.4at 2022-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,270.45at 2021-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary)
Equity ratio73.5%at 2025-03-31Cons.Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary)
Equity ratio86.8%at 2024-03-31Cons.Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary)
Equity ratio84.1%at 2023-03-31dCons.Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary)
Equity ratio88.7%at 2022-03-31dCons.Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary)
Equity ratio85.1%at 2021-03-31dCons.Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary)
ROE6.4%2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary)
ROE16.7%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary)
ROE16.1%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary)
ROE12.5%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary)
ROE12.6%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary)
Employees4,287at 2025-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees3,853at 2024-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees3,761at 2023-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees3,687at 2022-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees3,607at 2021-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥451.8bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥498.8bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥441.2bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥357.0bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥305.2bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥114.7bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥187.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥112.3bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥188.0bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥150.8bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥121.1bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥86.8bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥127.5bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥198.0bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥102.4bn2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥152.9bn2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥117.2bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥94.6bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥76.9bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥1.03Tat 2025-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥847.3bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥804.6bnat 2023-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥661.9bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥669.6bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥229.0bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥97.1bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥797.6bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥750.2bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥685.6bnat 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥599.2bnat 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥574.6bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥172.0bnat 2025-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥184.8bnat 2024-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥218.022024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥318.512023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥239.962022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥190.512021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥154.12020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥217.982024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneDiluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥318.492023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneDiluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥239.942022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneDiluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥190.492021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneDiluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
EPS (diluted)¥154.082020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneDiluted earnings per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥802024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥802023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥702022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥562021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥502020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,697.77at 2025-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,597.16at 2024-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,403.84at 2023-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,226.79at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,150.68at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio77.7%at 2025-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio88.5%at 2024-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio85.2%at 2023-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio90.5%at 2022-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio85.8%at 2021-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE13.2%2024-04-01 → 2025-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE21.3%2023-04-01 → 2024-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE18.2%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE16.1%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE14.2%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued498,692,000at 2025-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued498,692,000at 2024-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued517,425,000at 2023-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued528,341,000at 2022-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued528,341,000at 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees3,464at 2025-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees3,437at 2024-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees3,381at 2023-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees3,354at 2022-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees3,319at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 2
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Pharmaceutical Productsreportable segmentemployeesat 2025-03-314287 pure
Pharmaceutical Productsreportable segmentemployeesat 2025-03-313464 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,977
ItemContextValueUnit
Target period description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metricsCurrentYearInstant_Row10Member
Original text (Japanese)2026年度
Metrics description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metricsCurrentYearInstant_Row11Member
Original text (Japanese)男性育児休業取得率
Metrics description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metricsCurrentYearInstant_Row12Member
Original text (Japanese)男性育休+時短勤務(女活法)
Target period description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metricsCurrentYearInstant_Row11Member
Original text (Japanese)2026年度
Target period description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metricsCurrentYearInstant_Row12Member
Original text (Japanese)2026年度
Metrics unit description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metricsCurrentYearInstant_Row11Member%
Metrics unit description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metricsCurrentYearInstant_Row12Member%
Metrics description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metricsCurrentYearInstant_Row13Member
Original text (Japanese)健康年齢(実年齢との差)
Metrics unit description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metricsCurrentYearInstant_Row13Member
Original text (Japanese)歳
Target period description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metricsCurrentYearInstant_Row13Member
Original text (Japanese)2026年度
Reference to other informationFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)「TCFD提言に基づく情報開示」
Governance responding to climate change initiatives for the tcfd recommendations (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Strategy responding to climate change initiatives for the tcfd recommendations (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Risk and opportunity management responding to climate change initiatives for the tcfd recommendations (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Metrics and targets responding to climate change initiatives for the tcfd recommendations (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Reference to other information metrics and targets responding to climate change initiatives for the tcfd recommendationsFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)サステナビリティデータ2024
Business risks (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Management analysis of financial position operating results and cash flows (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Critical contracts (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Research and development activities (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Overview of capital expenditures etc (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Major facilities (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Planned additions retirements etc of facilities (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Total number of shares (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Issued shares total number of shares etc (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Class issued shares total number of shares etcFilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember
Original text (Japanese)普通株式
Name of financial instruments exchange on which securities are listed or authorized financial instruments business association to which securities are registeredFilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember
Original text (Japanese)東京証券取引所プライム市場
Description issued shares total number of shares etcFilingDateInstant_OrdinaryShareMember
Original text (Japanese)単元株式数は100株であります。
Details of employee share option program (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Description of rights plan (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Other information on share acquisition rights (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Exercises etc of moving strike convertible bonds etc (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Changes in number of issued shares stated capital etc (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Shareholding by shareholder category (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Major shareholders (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No1MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)日本マスタートラスト信託銀行株式会社(信託口)
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No1MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)東京都港区赤坂1丁目8番1号赤坂インターシティAIR
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No2MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)明治安田生命保険相互会社 (常任代理人株式会社日本カストディ銀行)
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No2MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)東京都千代田区丸の内2丁目1番1号 (東京都中央区晴海1丁目8番12号)
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No3MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)公益財団法人小野奨学会
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No3MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)大阪府大阪市中央区平野町2丁目6番11号 ホーコス伏見屋ビル301号室
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No4MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)株式会社鶴鳴荘
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No4MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)兵庫県芦屋市松ノ内町3番8-3号
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No5MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)株式会社日本カストディ銀行(信託口)
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No5MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)東京都中央区晴海1丁目8番12号
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No6MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)ステート ストリート バンク アンド トラスト カンパニー 505001 (常任代理人株式会社みずほ銀行)
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No6MajorShareholdersMemberText · Plus
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No7MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)ステート ストリート バンク ウェスト クライアント トリーティー 505234 (常任代理人株式会社みずほ銀行)
Address major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No7MajorShareholdersMemberText · Plus
Name major shareholdersCurrentYearInstant_No8MajorShareholdersMember
Original text (Japanese)株式会社三菱UFJ銀行

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 21 of 21 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2024-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2025-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2023-04-01/2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2024-04-01/2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2025-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2024-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2025-03-31pass