Annual report
4481.TEDINET S100VJ7T
Period2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31
Filed2025-03-31
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 158
| Metric | Value | Period | Scope | Source row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | ¥20.2bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥18.7bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥17.0bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥13.3bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥12.4bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥5.2bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥4.7bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥5.2bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥4.7bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥3.9bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥3.0bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥2.4bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥5.2bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥4.7bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Net income (owners) | ¥3.9bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥3.4bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥2.7bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥2.1bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥1.7bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥3.9bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥3.5bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Total assets | ¥17.7bn | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥16.3bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥14.6bn | at 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥11.4bn | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥10.3bn | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥4.2bn | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥3.9bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥13.6bn | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥12.5bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥10.6bn | at 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥8.6bn | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥6.9bn | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥11.6bn | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥10.6bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥11.6bn | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥10.6bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥10.2bn | at 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥7.5bn | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥7.2bn | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥3.9bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥3.3bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥3.7bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥1.4bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥2.6bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | ¥53m | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥1.2bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥38m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥117m | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥12m | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥2.9bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥1.7bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥949m | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥1.1bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥1.2bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥207.07 | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥187.61 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥150.9 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥118.72 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥97.87 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥205.21 | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥181.29 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥143.88 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥112.52 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥92.35 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥716.36 | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥647.22 | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥568.46 | at 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥465.86 | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥376.83 | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 74.6% | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 74.4% | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 71.0% | at 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 73.1% | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 65.4% | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 30.5% | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 30.5% | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 29.2% | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 28.2% | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 28.5% | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 1,243 | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,134 | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,014 | at 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 890 | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 855 | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Revenue | ¥19.5bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥17.7bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥16.1bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥12.6bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥11.8bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥5.2bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥4.6bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥5.2bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥4.6bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥3.8bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥2.9bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥2.3bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥5.2bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥4.6bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Net income | ¥3.8bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥3.4bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥2.7bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥2.1bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥1.7bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥16.9bn | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥15.6bn | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥13.9bn | at 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥11.0bn | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥9.9bn | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥4.1bn | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥3.7bn | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥12.8bn | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥11.8bn | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥10.1bn | at 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥8.2bn | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥6.7bn | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥10.9bn | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥9.8bn | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| EPS (basic) | ¥205.5 | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥183.72 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥147.9 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥116.57 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥95.41 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥203.66 | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥177.53 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥141.03 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥110.49 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥90.03 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥102 | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥92 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥96 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥80 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥60 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥695.61 | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥630.66 | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥556.51 | at 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥457.68 | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥372.62 | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 75.9% | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 76.0% | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 72.6% | at 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 75.0% | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 67.0% | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 31.1% | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 30.6% | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 29.1% | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 28.1% | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 28.0% | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 18,793,200 | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 18,770,400 | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 18,176,400 | at 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 8,978,400 | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 8,929,200 | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 1,145 | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,008 | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 843 | at 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 743 | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 717 | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.
All source rows · 1,222
| Item | Context | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net assets | CurrentYearInstant_NonControllingInterestsMember | 353803000 | JPY |
| Net assets | CurrentYearInstant | 13586554000 | JPY |
| Income before income taxes | Prior1YearDuration | 4692376000 | JPY |
| Income before income taxes | CurrentYearDuration | 5236974000 | JPY |
| Depreciation and amortization ope cf | Prior1YearDuration | 24938000 | JPY |
| Depreciation and amortization ope cf | CurrentYearDuration | 23663000 | JPY |
| Interest and dividends income ope cf | Prior1YearDuration | -9161000 | JPY |
| Interest and dividends income ope cf | CurrentYearDuration | -26907000 | JPY |
| Interest expenses ope cf | Prior1YearDuration | 266000 | JPY |
| Interest expenses ope cf | CurrentYearDuration | 3000 | JPY |
| Loss gain on sales of investment securities ope cf | Prior1YearDuration | -5566000 | JPY |
| Loss gain on sales of investment securities ope cf | CurrentYearDuration | -4941000 | JPY |
| Stock issuance cost ope cf | Prior1YearDuration | 502000 | JPY |
| Stock issuance cost ope cf | CurrentYearDuration | 120000 | JPY |
| Commission fee ope cf | Prior1YearDuration | － | JPY |
| Commission fee ope cf | CurrentYearDuration | 4919000 | JPY |
| Decrease increase in notes and accounts receivable trade ope cf | Prior1YearDuration | -174219000 | JPY |
| Decrease increase in notes and accounts receivable trade ope cf | CurrentYearDuration | -377279000 | JPY |
| Decrease increase in inventories ope cf | Prior1YearDuration | 47223000 | JPY |
| Decrease increase in inventories ope cf | CurrentYearDuration | 89792000 | JPY |
| Increase decrease in notes and accounts payable trade ope cf | Prior1YearDuration | -121527000 | JPY |
| Increase decrease in notes and accounts payable trade ope cf | CurrentYearDuration | 37350000 | JPY |
| Increase decrease in accrued expenses ope cf | Prior1YearDuration | 142502000 | JPY |
| Increase decrease in accrued expenses ope cf | CurrentYearDuration | 196369000 | JPY |
| Increase decrease in accrued consumption taxes ope cf | Prior1YearDuration | 60501000 | JPY |
| Increase decrease in accrued consumption taxes ope cf | CurrentYearDuration | 23732000 | JPY |
| Other net ope cf | Prior1YearDuration | 188156000 | JPY |
| Other net ope cf | CurrentYearDuration | -138104000 | JPY |
| Subtotal ope cf | Prior1YearDuration | 4845990000 | JPY |
| Subtotal ope cf | CurrentYearDuration | 5065692000 | JPY |
| Interest and dividends income received ope cf inv cf | Prior1YearDuration | 4458000 | JPY |
| Interest and dividends income received ope cf inv cf | CurrentYearDuration | 22188000 | JPY |
| Interest expenses paid ope cf fin cf | Prior1YearDuration | -260000 | JPY |
| Interest expenses paid ope cf fin cf | CurrentYearDuration | -2000 | JPY |
| Income taxes paid ope cf | Prior1YearDuration | -1568768000 | JPY |
| Income taxes paid ope cf | CurrentYearDuration | -1212185000 | JPY |
| Net cash provided by used in operating activities | Prior1YearDuration | 3281419000 | JPY |
| Net cash provided by used in operating activities | CurrentYearDuration | 3875692000 | JPY |
| Purchase of property plant and equipment inv cf | Prior1YearDuration | -37644000 | JPY |
| Purchase of property plant and equipment inv cf | CurrentYearDuration | -19326000 | JPY |
| Purchase of intangible assets inv cf | Prior1YearDuration | -712000 | JPY |
| Purchase of intangible assets inv cf | CurrentYearDuration | -1000000 | JPY |
| Purchase of investment securities inv cf | Prior1YearDuration | -10417000 | JPY |
| Purchase of investment securities inv cf | CurrentYearDuration | -6803000 | JPY |
| Proceeds from sales and redemption of investment securities inv cf | Prior1YearDuration | 13956000 | JPY |
| Proceeds from sales and redemption of investment securities inv cf | CurrentYearDuration | 9075000 | JPY |
| Payments of loans receivable inv cf | Prior1YearDuration | -1166456000 | JPY |
| Payments of loans receivable inv cf | CurrentYearDuration | -400000 | JPY |
| Collection of loans receivable inv cf | Prior1YearDuration | 1067000 | JPY |
| Collection of loans receivable inv cf | CurrentYearDuration | 92419000 | JPY |
Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.
Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| dei present | pass |
| period resolution | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |