Annual report

Period2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31
Filed2025-03-31
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 146
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥11.9bn2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥9.6bn2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥8.9bn2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥8.9bn2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥9.0bn2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥1.1bn2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income−¥82m2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥1.2bn2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥63m2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income−¥251m2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥330m2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥910m2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥1.2bn2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥32m2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥892m2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥137m2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)−¥358m2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥201m2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥676m2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥892m2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥137m2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥7.0bnat 2024-12-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥7.6bnat 2023-12-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥7.2bnat 2022-12-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥7.3bnat 2021-12-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥7.5bnat 2020-12-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥2.0bnat 2024-12-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥2.0bnat 2023-12-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥5.0bnat 2024-12-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥5.7bnat 2023-12-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥5.4bnat 2022-12-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥5.8bnat 2021-12-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥5.7bnat 2020-12-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥3.3bnat 2024-12-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥3.5bnat 2023-12-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥3.2bnat 2024-12-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥3.4bnat 2023-12-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥3.9bnat 2022-12-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥3.9bnat 2021-12-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥4.3bnat 2020-12-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥1.1bn2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow−¥141m2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥161m2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥200m2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥1.1bn2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥29m2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥233m2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥90m2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥137m2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥353m2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥1.3bn2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥112m2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥112m2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥111m2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥142m2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥45.742024-01-01 → 2024-12-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥6.72023-01-01 → 2023-12-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-17.562022-01-01 → 2022-12-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥9.862021-01-01 → 2021-12-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥33.232020-01-01 → 2020-12-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥262.63at 2024-12-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥277.56at 2023-12-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥265.36at 2022-12-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥283.73at 2021-12-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥282.34at 2020-12-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio71.4%at 2024-12-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio74.1%at 2023-12-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio75.0%at 2022-12-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio79.3%at 2021-12-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio76.9%at 2020-12-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE16.8%2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE2.5%2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.5%2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE12.4%2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees523at 2024-12-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees511at 2023-12-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees503at 2022-12-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees490at 2021-12-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees484at 2020-12-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥11.3bn2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥9.3bn2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥8.7bn2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥8.7bn2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥8.7bn2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥869m2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income−¥176m2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥927m2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income−¥23m2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income−¥171m2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥294m2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥859m2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥919m2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax−¥53m2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥698m2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥55m2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income−¥246m2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥176m2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥571m2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥6.7bnat 2024-12-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥7.4bnat 2023-12-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥7.0bnat 2022-12-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥7.0bnat 2021-12-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥7.3bnat 2020-12-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥2.0bnat 2024-12-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥1.8bnat 2023-12-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥4.7bnat 2024-12-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥5.6bnat 2023-12-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥5.4bnat 2022-12-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥5.7bnat 2021-12-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥5.7bnat 2020-12-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥3.0bnat 2024-12-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥3.3bnat 2023-12-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥35.792024-01-01 → 2024-12-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥2.712023-01-01 → 2023-12-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-12.062022-01-01 → 2022-12-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥8.632021-01-01 → 2021-12-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥28.082020-01-01 → 2020-12-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥5.52024-01-01 → 2024-12-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥5.52023-01-01 → 2023-12-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥5.52022-01-01 → 2022-12-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥5.52021-01-01 → 2021-12-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥5.52020-01-01 → 2020-12-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥247.84at 2024-12-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥273.44at 2023-12-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥265.47at 2022-12-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥278.47at 2021-12-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥278.33at 2020-12-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio70.3%at 2024-12-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio75.5%at 2023-12-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio77.3%at 2022-12-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio80.6%at 2021-12-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio77.8%at 2020-12-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE13.6%2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE1.0%2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.1%2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE10.6%2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued20,000,000at 2024-12-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued21,460,800at 2023-12-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued21,460,800at 2022-12-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued21,460,800at 2021-12-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued21,460,800at 2020-12-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees504at 2024-12-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees493at 2023-12-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees486at 2022-12-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees472at 2021-12-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees468at 2020-12-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 46
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentcapex2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥63m
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥84m
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentemployeesat 2024-12-31455 pure
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentrevenue2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥11.1bn
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥11.1bn
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥9m
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-12-31¥3.4bn
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentsegment profit2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥910m
Sensing Solution Businessreportable segmentcapex2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥9m
Sensing Solution Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥10m
Sensing Solution Businessreportable segmentemployeesat 2024-12-3124 pure
Sensing Solution Businessreportable segmentrevenue2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥602m
Sensing Solution Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥602m
Sensing Solution Businessreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2024-12-31¥296m
Sensing Solution Businessreportable segmentsegment profit2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥34m
—segment totalcapex2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥72m
—segment totaldepreciation2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥94m
—segment totalemployeesat 2024-12-31479 pure
—segment totalrevenue2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥11.7bn
—segment totalrevenue external2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥11.7bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥9m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2024-12-31¥3.7bn
—segment totalsegment profit2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31¥945m
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentcapex2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥29m
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥94m
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentrevenue2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥9.0bn
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥9.0bn
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥11m
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-12-31¥3.7bn
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentsegment profit2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31−¥115m
Sensing Solution Businessreportable segmentcapex2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥861,000
Sensing Solution Businessreportable segmentdepreciation2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥9m
Sensing Solution Businessreportable segmentrevenue2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥639m
Sensing Solution Businessreportable segmentrevenue external2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥639m
Sensing Solution Businessreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-12-31¥443m
Sensing Solution Businessreportable segmentsegment profit2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥25m
—segment totalcapex2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥30m
—segment totaldepreciation2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥103m
—segment totalrevenue2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥9.6bn
—segment totalrevenue external2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥9.6bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31¥11m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2023-12-31¥4.2bn
—segment totalsegment profit2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31−¥90m
Embedded Software Businessreportable segmentemployeesat 2024-12-31436 pure
Sensing Solution Businessreportable segmentemployeesat 2024-12-3124 pure
—segment totalemployeesat 2024-12-31460 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,399
ItemContextValueUnit
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember265.47
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember273.44
Net assets per share (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember247.84
Dividend paid per share (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember5.50
Dividend paid per share (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember5.50
Dividend paid per share (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember5.50
Dividend paid per share (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember5.50
Dividend paid per share (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember5.50
Interim dividend paid per share (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember1.50
Interim dividend paid per share (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember1.50
Interim dividend paid per share (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember1.50
Interim dividend paid per share (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember1.50
Interim dividend paid per share (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember1.50
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember28.08
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember8.63
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember-12.06
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember2.71
Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember35.79
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember-
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember-
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember-
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember-
Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember-
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember0.7784
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember0.8063
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember0.7734
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember0.7551
Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember0.7028
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember0.1057
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember0.0310
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember-
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember0.0100
Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember0.1358
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember43.02
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember71.26
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember-
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember216.61
Price earnings ratio (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember18.11
Payout ratio (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember0.196
Payout ratio (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember0.637
Payout ratio (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember-
Payout ratio (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember2.030
Payout ratio (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember0.154
Number of employeesPrior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember468
Number of employeesPrior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember472
Number of employeesPrior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember486
Number of employeesPrior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember493
Number of employeesCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember504
Average number of temporary workersPrior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember66
Average number of temporary workersPrior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember55

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2023-12-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2024-12-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2023-12-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2024-12-31pass rounding
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2022-12-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2023-12-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2024-12-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2022-12-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2023-12-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2024-12-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2023-01-01/2023-12-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2024-01-01/2024-12-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2023-01-01/2023-12-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2024-01-01/2024-12-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2023-01-01/2023-12-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2024-01-01/2024-12-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2023-01-01/2023-12-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2024-01-01/2024-12-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2023-12-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2024-12-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2023-12-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2024-12-31pass