Annual report

Period2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31
Filed2022-06-28
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥19.2bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥12.6bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥12.2bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥11.4bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥10.3bn2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥704m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥309m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥714m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥346m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥362m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥431m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥402m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥685m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥313m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥444m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥207m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥385m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥39m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥238m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥441m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥194m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥17.5bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥14.7bnat 2021-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥14.4bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥14.1bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥14.6bnat 2018-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥8.5bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥6.0bnat 2021-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥9.0bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥8.7bnat 2021-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥8.7bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥8.5bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥8.7bnat 2018-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥3.5bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥3.1bnat 2021-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥3.3bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥3.1bnat 2021-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥3.5bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥3.4bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥3.7bnat 2018-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥1.2bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥357m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥423m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥1.0bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥343m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow¥35m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥459m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥381m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥515m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥679m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥997m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥333m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow¥41m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥832m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥1.1bn2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥15.532021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥7.242020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥13.482019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥1.362018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥8.322017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥310.26at 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥300.96at 2021-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥298.75at 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥293.09at 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥297.92at 2018-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio50.6%at 2022-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio58.6%at 2021-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio59.4%at 2020-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio59.4%at 2019-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio58.4%at 2018-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE5.1%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE2.4%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE4.6%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE0.5%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE2.8%2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees290at 2022-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees184at 2021-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees172at 2020-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees169at 2019-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees198at 2018-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥17.1bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥12.2bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥11.7bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥11.1bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥9.8bn2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥582m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥431m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥600m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥470m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥354m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥390m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥379m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥570m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥438m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥375m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥295m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥385m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥108m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥253m2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥14.9bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥13.1bnat 2021-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥12.7bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥12.3bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥12.7bnat 2018-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥7.2bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥5.6bnat 2021-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥7.7bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥7.5bnat 2021-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥7.4bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥7.2bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥7.2bnat 2018-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥2.3bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥1.4bnat 2021-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥13.112021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥10.322020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥13.472019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥3.772018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥8.842017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥62021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥62020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥62019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥62018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥62017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥269.59at 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥262.54at 2021-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥257.26at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥250.82at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥253.22at 2018-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio51.8%at 2022-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio57.4%at 2021-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio58.0%at 2020-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio58.0%at 2019-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio57.0%at 2018-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE4.9%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE4.0%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.3%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE1.5%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE3.5%2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued29,786,000at 2022-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued29,786,000at 2021-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued29,786,000at 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued29,786,000at 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued29,786,000at 2018-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees182at 2022-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees153at 2021-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees148at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees154at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees179at 2018-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 38
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31−¥3m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31−¥3m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥2.7bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥5m
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥305m
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥404m
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentemployeesat 2022-03-31103 pure
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥14.9bn
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥14.9bn
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥3m
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥7.7bn
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥400m
—segment totalcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥373m
—segment totaldepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥550m
—segment totalrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥19.2bn
—segment totalrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥19.2bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥3m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥14.8bn
—segment totalsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥700m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31−¥1m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31−¥1m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2021-03-31¥1.9bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥5m
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentcapex2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥291m
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentdepreciation2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥276m
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentrevenue2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥9.9bn
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentrevenue external2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥9.9bn
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥1m
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2021-03-31¥7.7bn
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentsegment profit2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥322m
—segment totalcapex2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥295m
—segment totaldepreciation2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥361m
—segment totalrevenue2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥12.6bn
—segment totalrevenue external2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥12.6bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥1m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2021-03-31¥12.8bn
—segment totalsegment profit2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31¥304m
Precision Lamination And High Functional Composite Material Departmentreportable segmentemployeesat 2022-03-31103 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,372
ItemContextValueUnit
Profit lossCurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember374550000JPY
Purchase of treasury stockCurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember-17000JPY
Net changes of items other than shareholders equityCurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_ValuationDifferenceOnAvailableForSaleSecuritiesMember-1858000JPY
Net changes of items other than shareholders equityCurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_ValuationAndTranslationAdjustmentsMember-1858000JPY
Net changes of items other than shareholders equityCurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember-1858000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodCurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_ValuationDifferenceOnAvailableForSaleSecuritiesMember-1858000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodCurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_ValuationAndTranslationAdjustmentsMember-1858000JPY
Total changes of items during the periodCurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember201225000JPY
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_ValuationDifferenceOnAvailableForSaleSecuritiesMember14446000JPY
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_ValuationAndTranslationAdjustmentsMember14446000JPY
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember7703382000JPY
Directors compensations sgaPrior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember73256000JPY
Directors compensations sgaCurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember83476000JPY
Salaries sgaPrior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember151520000JPY
Salaries sgaCurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember160975000JPY
Provision for bonuses sgaPrior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember1331000JPY
Provision for bonuses sgaCurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember797000JPY
Retirement benefit expenses sgaPrior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember2913000JPY
Retirement benefit expenses sgaCurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember2558000JPY
Depreciation sgaPrior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember64917000JPY
Depreciation sgaCurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember68372000JPY
Research and development expenses sgaPrior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember173955000JPY
Research and development expenses sgaCurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember196556000JPY
Document title cover pageFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)有価証券報告書
Clause of stipulation cover pageFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)金融商品取引法第24条第1項
Place of filing cover pageFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)近畿財務局長
Filing date cover pageFilingDateInstant2022-06-28
Fiscal year cover pageFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)第40期(自 令和3年4月1日 至 令和4年3月31日)
Company name cover pageFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)フジプレアム株式会社
Company name in english cover pageFilingDateInstantFujipream Corporation
Title and name of representative cover pageFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)代表取締役社長  松本 倫長
Address of registered headquarter cover pageFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)兵庫県姫路市飾西38番地1
Telephone number address of registered headquarter cover pageFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)079(266)6161(代表)
Name of contact person address of registered headquarter cover pageFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)執行役員 IR・広報部長  三浦 理路
Nearest place of contact cover pageFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)兵庫県姫路市飾西38番地1
Telephone number nearest place of contact cover pageFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)079(266)6161(代表)
Name of contact person nearest place of contact cover pageFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)執行役員 IR・広報部長  三浦 理路
Place for public inspection cover page (text)FilingDateInstantText · Plus
Edinet codeFilingDateInstantE02348
Fund codeFilingDateInstant-
Security codeFilingDateInstant42370
Filer name in japaneseFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)フジプレアム株式会社
Filer name in englishFilingDateInstantFujipream Corporation
Fund name in japaneseFilingDateInstant-
Fund name in englishFilingDateInstant-
Cabinet office ordinanceFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)企業内容等の開示に関する内閣府令
Document typeFilingDateInstant
Original text (Japanese)第三号様式
Accounting standardsFilingDateInstantJapan GAAP
Whether consolidated financial statements are preparedFilingDateInstanttrue
Industry code when consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with industry specific regulationsFilingDateInstantCTE

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2021-03-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2021-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2020-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2020-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2020-04-01/2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2020-04-01/2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2020-04-01/2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2020-04-01/2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass