Annual report
4186.TEDINET S100VIMD
Period2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31
Filed2025-03-28
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Amended by S100W8ND (2025-06-27).
Key figures · 158
| Metric | Value | Period | Scope | Source row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | ¥201.0bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥162.3bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥175.4bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥140.1bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥117.6bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥33.1bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥22.7bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥34.6bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥24.3bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥31.0bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥21.7bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥16.1bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥35.2bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥21.9bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Net income (owners) | ¥22.7bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥12.7bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥19.7bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥17.7bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥9.9bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥27.1bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥16.1bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Total assets | ¥281.9bn | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥251.9bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥238.1bn | at 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥217.3bn | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥201.2bn | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥68.5bn | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥56.4bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥213.5bn | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥195.5bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥181.0bn | at 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥165.2bn | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥160.0bn | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥59.0bn | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥56.8bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥56.4bn | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥42.8bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥40.9bn | at 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥41.5bn | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥42.7bn | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥30.1bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥17.2bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥19.0bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥19.8bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥23.0bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥2.7bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥9.4bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥12.4bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥4.6bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥3.5bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥15.4bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥7.4bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥8.6bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥18.1bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥5.9bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥187.29 | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥105.1 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥163.18 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥143.57 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥79.8 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥187.1 | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥104.97 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥162.93 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥143.3 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥79.59 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,671.82 | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,516.99 | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,404.75 | at 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,293.39 | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,217.06 | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 71.1% | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 72.9% | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 71.3% | at 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 71.7% | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 75.3% | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 11.8% | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 7.2% | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 12.1% | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 11.5% | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 6.7% | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 1,996 | at 2024-12-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,877 | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,950 | at 2022-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,816 | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,750 | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Revenue | ¥113.7bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥91.3bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥99.6bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥84.3bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥71.8bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥15.2bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥8.5bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥24.7bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥13.3bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥20.4bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥16.4bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥8.8bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥25.1bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥12.9bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Net income | ¥21.0bn | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥10.3bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥15.8bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥17.0bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥6.6bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥196.1bn | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥182.0bn | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥175.2bn | at 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥164.5bn | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥158.5bn | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥41.2bn | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥36.2bn | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥154.9bn | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥145.8bn | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥137.3bn | at 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥129.4bn | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥129.4bn | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥21.1bn | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥21.7bn | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| EPS (basic) | ¥173.29 | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥85.13 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥131.08 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥137.41 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥52.69 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥173.11 | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥85.03 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥130.88 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥137.15 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥52.55 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥63 | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥168 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥160 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥156 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥154 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,290.43 | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,202.74 | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,134.74 | at 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,072.2 | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,036.65 | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 78.9% | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 80.0% | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 78.3% | at 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 78.5% | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 81.4% | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 14.0% | 2024-01-01 → 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 7.3% | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 11.9% | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 13.2% | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 5.2% | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 127,800,000 | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 42,600,000 | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 42,600,000 | at 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 42,600,000 | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 45,100,000 | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 1,447 | at 2024-12-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,355 | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,346 | at 2022-12-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,261 | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,244 | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.
All source rows · 1,618
| Item | Context | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name of contact person nearest place of contact cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)経理部長 松山 大介 | |
| Place for public inspection cover page (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Edinet code | FilingDateInstant | E00854 | |
| Fund code | FilingDateInstant | － | |
| Security code | FilingDateInstant | 41860 | |
| Filer name in japanese | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)東京応化工業株式会社 | |
| Filer name in english | FilingDateInstant | TOKYO OHKA KOGYO CO., LTD. | |
| Fund name in japanese | FilingDateInstant | － | |
| Fund name in english | FilingDateInstant | － | |
| Cabinet office ordinance | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)企業内容等の開示に関する内閣府令 | |
| Document type | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)第三号様式 | |
| Accounting standards | FilingDateInstant | Japan GAAP | |
| Whether consolidated financial statements are prepared | FilingDateInstant | true | |
| Industry code when consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with industry specific regulations | FilingDateInstant | CTE | |
| Industry code when financial statements are prepared in accordance with industry specific regulations | FilingDateInstant | CTE | |
| Current fiscal year start date | FilingDateInstant | 2024-01-01 | |
| Current period end date | FilingDateInstant | 2024-12-31 | |
| Type of current period | FilingDateInstant | FY | |
| Current fiscal year end date | FilingDateInstant | 2024-12-31 | |
| Previous fiscal year start date | FilingDateInstant | 2023-01-01 | |
| Comparative period end date | FilingDateInstant | 2023-12-31 | |
| Previous fiscal year end date | FilingDateInstant | 2023-12-31 | |
| Next fiscal year start date | FilingDateInstant | － | |
| End date of quarterly or semi annual period of next fiscal year | FilingDateInstant | － | |
| Amendment flag | FilingDateInstant | false | |
| Identification of document subject to amendment | FilingDateInstant | － | |
| Report amendment flag | FilingDateInstant | false | |
| Xbrl amendment flag | FilingDateInstant | false | |
| Business results of group (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Business results of reporting company (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Company history (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Description of business (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Overview of affiliated entities (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Information about employees (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Business policy business environment issues to address etc (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Disclosure of sustainability related financial information (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Governance (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Risk management (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Strategy climate variability (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Metrics and target climate variability (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Strategy (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Policy on development of human resources and internal environment strategy (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Metrics and targets (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics metrics and targets (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Metrics description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | Original text (Japanese)女性管理職比率 | |
| Metrics unit description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | ％ | |
| Target period description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row1Member | Original text (Japanese)2030年 | |
| Metrics description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row2Member | Original text (Japanese)男性育児休職制度取得率 | |
| Metrics unit description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row2Member | ％ | |
| Target period description of metrics related to policy on development of human resources and internal environment and targets and performance using such metrics | CurrentYearInstant_Row2Member | Original text (Japanese)2024年 |
Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.
Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| dei present | pass |
| period resolution | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |