Annual report

Period2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31
Filed2023-06-30
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥2.9bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥2.7bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥2.4bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥2.4bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥2.1bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥220m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥145m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥228m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥130m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥219m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥313m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥305m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥228m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥130m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥146m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥91m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥138m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥197m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥112m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥146m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥93m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥2.6bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥2.2bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥2.2bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥2.2bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥1.9bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥1.0bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥807mat 2022-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥1.5bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥1.4bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥1.4bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥1.3bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥1.2bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥609mat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥468mat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥609mat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥461mat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥617mat 2021-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥723mat 2020-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥300mat 2019-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥617m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥494m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥340m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥814m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow−¥245m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥557m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥472m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥381m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥330m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥282m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥88m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥178m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥65m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥61m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥173m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥26.822022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥16.842021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥25.442020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥36.322019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥20.652018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥279.99at 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥261.17at 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥251.47at 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥234.04at 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥205.87at 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio59.4%at 2023-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio63.5%at 2022-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio60.9%at 2021-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio56.8%at 2020-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio57.4%at 2019-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE9.9%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE6.6%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE10.5%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE16.5%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE10.3%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees134at 2023-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees140at 2022-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees136at 2021-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees114at 2020-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees106at 2019-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥2.3bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥2.2bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥1.9bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥1.8bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥1.5bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥221m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥125m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥247m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥120m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥225m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥362m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥382m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥247m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥120m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥171m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥86m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥152m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥246m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥190m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥2.6bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥2.3bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥2.3bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥2.3bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥1.8bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥932mat 2023-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥715mat 2022-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥1.7bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥1.6bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥1.5bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥1.4bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥1.2bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥359mat 2023-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥202mat 2022-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥31.582022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥15.782021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥27.932020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥45.252019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥35.052018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥82022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥82021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥82020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥82019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥82018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥311.89at 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥288.31at 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥280.54at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥260.61at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥223.37at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio64.5%at 2023-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio68.7%at 2022-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio66.7%at 2021-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio62.6%at 2020-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio65.8%at 2019-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE10.5%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE5.5%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE10.3%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE18.7%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE16.6%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued5,428,000at 2023-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued5,428,000at 2022-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued5,428,000at 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued5,428,000at 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued5,428,000at 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees111at 2023-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees111at 2022-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees105at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees84at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees62at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 52
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥18m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥18m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2023-03-31−¥7m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥18m
Cu Bereportable segmentcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥41m
Cu Bereportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥28m
Cu Bereportable segmentemployeesat 2023-03-3123 pure
Cu Bereportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥561m
Cu Bereportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥553m
Cu Bereportable segmentrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥9m
Cu Bereportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥596m
Cu Bereportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥20m
Shalomureportable segmentcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥373m
Shalomureportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥325m
Shalomureportable segmentemployeesat 2023-03-31111 pure
Shalomureportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥2.3bn
Shalomureportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥2.3bn
Shalomureportable segmentrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥9m
Shalomureportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥2.0bn
Shalomureportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥221m
—segment totalcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥413m
—segment totaldepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥353m
—segment totalrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥2.9bn
—segment totalrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥2.9bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥18m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥2.6bn
—segment totalsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥202m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31−¥29m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31−¥29m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2022-03-31−¥7m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥11m
Cu Bereportable segmentcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥41m
Cu Bereportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥30m
Cu Bereportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥615m
Cu Bereportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥607m
Cu Bereportable segmentrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥9m
Cu Bereportable segmentsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥613m
Cu Bereportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥10m
Shalomureportable segmentcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥399m
Shalomureportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥347m
Shalomureportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2.2bn
Shalomureportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2.1bn
Shalomureportable segmentrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥20m
Shalomureportable segmentsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥1.6bn
Shalomureportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥125m
—segment totalcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥440m
—segment totaldepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥377m
—segment totalrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2.8bn
—segment totalrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2.7bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥29m
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥2.2bn
—segment totalsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥134m

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,207
ItemContextValueUnit
Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant461052000JPY
Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant609336000JPY
Number of employeesPrior4YearInstant106
Average number of temporary workersPrior4YearInstant7
Number of employeesPrior3YearInstant114
Average number of temporary workersPrior3YearInstant6
Number of employeesPrior2YearInstant136
Average number of temporary workersPrior2YearInstant2
Number of employeesPrior1YearInstant140
Average number of temporary workersPrior1YearInstant6
Number of employeesCurrentYearInstant134
Average number of temporary workersCurrentYearInstant8
Net sales (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember1509381000JPY
Net sales (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember1784206000JPY
Net sales (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember1929979000JPY
Net sales (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember2156252000JPY
Net sales (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember2324232000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember382383000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember361734000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember225086000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember120204000JPY
Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember247162000JPY
Net income loss (5-year summary)Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember190251000JPY
Net income loss (5-year summary)Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember245625000JPY
Net income loss (5-year summary)Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember151614000JPY
Net income loss (5-year summary)Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember85619000JPY
Net income loss (5-year summary)CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember171374000JPY
Capital stock (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember219110000JPY
Capital stock (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember219110000JPY
Capital stock (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember219110000JPY
Capital stock (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember219110000JPY
Capital stock (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember219110000JPY
Total number of issued shares (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember5428000
Total number of issued shares (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember5428000
Total number of issued shares (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember5428000
Total number of issued shares (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember5428000
Total number of issued shares (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember5428000
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1212380000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1414445000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1522607000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1564806000JPY
Net assets (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1692761000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember1842437000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember2258828000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember2281195000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember2279325000JPY
Total assets (5-year summary)CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember2624549000JPY
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember223.37
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember260.61
Net assets per share (5-year summary)Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember280.54

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2023-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass