Annual report

Period2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31
Filed2023-06-23
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥12.1bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥10.9bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥10.6bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥12.9bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥12.8bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income−¥92m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income−¥62m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income−¥26m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥9m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥825m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥1.0bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥695m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax−¥26m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax−¥2.8bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥52m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)−¥2.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥562m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥566m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥475m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥52m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income−¥2.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥12.6bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥11.8bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥14.5bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥15.5bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥15.2bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥6.5bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥5.7bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥6.1bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥6.1bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥8.9bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥8.4bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥7.9bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥2.7bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥2.5bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥991mat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥760mat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥1.3bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥2.1bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥2.4bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥447m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥67m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥1.3bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥1.6bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥731m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥140m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow¥111m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥1.3bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥2.1bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥491m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥77m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥735m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥781m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥222m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow¥690m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥6.742022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-311.552021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥71.512020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥72.322019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥60.832018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥790.12at 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥797.51at 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,125.51at 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,066.12at 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,015.03at 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio48.5%at 2023-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio52.0%at 2022-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio61.1%at 2021-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio53.9%at 2020-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio52.2%at 2019-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE0.9%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE-32.7%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE6.5%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE7.0%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE6.1%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees207at 2023-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees231at 2022-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees227at 2021-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees217at 2020-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees205at 2019-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥11.5bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥10.4bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥10.1bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥12.1bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥11.9bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income−¥194m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income−¥126m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income−¥101m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income−¥19m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥855m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥997m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥649m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax−¥101m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax−¥2.8bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥9m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income−¥2.5bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥609m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥563m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥468m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥12.4bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥11.7bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥14.4bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥15.3bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥15.0bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥6.3bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥5.5bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥6.1bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥6.1bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥8.9bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥8.3bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥7.9bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥2.1bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥2.1bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥1.222022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥-312.542021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥77.592020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥71.922019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥59.972018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥122022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥122021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥162020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥182019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥162018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥786.83at 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥797.94at 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,126.95at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,062.2at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥1,010.69at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio49.1%at 2023-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio52.6%at 2022-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio61.5%at 2021-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio54.3%at 2020-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio52.5%at 2019-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE0.2%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE-32.7%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE7.1%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE6.9%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE6.1%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued8,175,280at 2023-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued8,175,280at 2022-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued8,175,280at 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued8,175,280at 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued8,175,280at 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees193at 2023-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees217at 2022-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees214at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees204at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees193at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 49
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥79m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥36m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥8.3bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥753m
Non Woven Fabric Relatedreportable segmentcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥60m
Non Woven Fabric Relatedreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥158m
Non Woven Fabric Relatedreportable segmentemployeesat 2023-03-3189 pure
Non Woven Fabric Relatedreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥6.7bn
Non Woven Fabric Relatedreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥6.7bn
Non Woven Fabric Relatedreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥2.5bn
Non Woven Fabric Relatedreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥590m
Paper Relatedreportable segmentcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥36m
Paper Relatedreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥24m
Paper Relatedreportable segmentemployeesat 2023-03-3153 pure
Paper Relatedreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥5.4bn
Paper Relatedreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥5.4bn
Paper Relatedreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥1.8bn
Paper Relatedreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥71m
—segment totalcapex2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥97m
—segment totaldepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥182m
—segment totalrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥12.1bn
—segment totalrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥12.1bn
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2023-03-31¥4.3bn
—segment totalsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥661m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥20m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥60m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥7.6bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31−¥825m
Non Woven Fabric Relatedreportable segmentcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥30m
Non Woven Fabric Relatedreportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥219m
Non Woven Fabric Relatedreportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥5.9bn
Non Woven Fabric Relatedreportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥5.9bn
Non Woven Fabric Relatedreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥2.5bn
Non Woven Fabric Relatedreportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥895m
Paper Relatedreportable segmentcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥63m
Paper Relatedreportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥311m
Paper Relatedreportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥5.0bn
Paper Relatedreportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥5.0bn
Paper Relatedreportable segmentsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥1.7bn
Paper Relatedreportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31−¥132m
—segment totalcapex2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥93m
—segment totaldepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥530m
—segment totalrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥10.9bn
—segment totalrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥10.9bn
—segment totalsegment assetsat 2022-03-31¥4.2bn
—segment totalsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥763m
Non Woven Fabric Relatedreportable segmentemployeesat 2023-03-3175 pure
Paper Relatedreportable segmentemployeesat 2023-03-3153 pure
—segment totalemployeesat 2023-03-31193 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,411
ItemContextValueUnit
Proceeds from sales of membership inv cfPrior1YearDuration2727000JPY
Proceeds from sales of membership inv cfCurrentYearDuration2640000JPY
Other net inv cfPrior1YearDuration6000JPY
Other net inv cfCurrentYearDuration133000JPY
Net cash provided by used in investment activitiesPrior1YearDuration111145000JPY
Net cash provided by used in investment activitiesCurrentYearDuration-140268000JPY
Proceeds from long term loans payable fin cfPrior1YearDuration-JPY
Proceeds from long term loans payable fin cfCurrentYearDuration600000000JPY
Repayment of long term loans payable fin cfPrior1YearDuration-510456000JPY
Repayment of long term loans payable fin cfCurrentYearDuration-577216000JPY
Purchase of treasury stock fin cfPrior1YearDuration-81600000JPY
Purchase of treasury stock fin cfCurrentYearDuration-JPY
Cash dividends paid fin cfPrior1YearDuration-125804000JPY
Cash dividends paid fin cfCurrentYearDuration-92393000JPY
Other net fin cfPrior1YearDuration-16802000JPY
Other net fin cfCurrentYearDuration-7444000JPY
Net cash provided by used in financing activitiesPrior1YearDuration-734662000JPY
Net cash provided by used in financing activitiesCurrentYearDuration-77053000JPY
Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalentsPrior1YearDuration-14000JPY
Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalentsCurrentYearDuration802000JPY
Net increase decrease in cash and cash equivalentsPrior1YearDuration-556159000JPY
Net increase decrease in cash and cash equivalentsCurrentYearDuration230383000JPY
Cash and cash equivalentsPrior2YearInstant1316636000JPY
Cash and cash equivalentsPrior1YearInstant760476000JPY
Cash and cash equivalentsPrior1YearInstant760476000JPY
Cash and cash equivalentsCurrentYearInstant990860000JPY
Number of consolidated subsidiariesCurrentYearInstant2
Freightage and packing expenses sgaPrior1YearDuration559877000JPY
Freightage and packing expenses sgaCurrentYearDuration599761000JPY
Directors compensation general and administrative expensesPrior1YearDuration167369000JPY
Directors compensation general and administrative expensesCurrentYearDuration122347000JPY
Salaries and allowances sgaPrior1YearDuration298547000JPY
Salaries and allowances sgaCurrentYearDuration286342000JPY
Provision for bonuses sgaPrior1YearDuration28083000JPY
Provision for bonuses sgaCurrentYearDuration37433000JPY
Retirement benefit expenses sgaPrior1YearDuration10572000JPY
Retirement benefit expenses sgaCurrentYearDuration14245000JPY
Research and development expenses sgaPrior1YearDuration80750000JPY
Research and development expenses sgaCurrentYearDuration69052000JPY
Revenues from external customersPrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E00690-000NonWovenFabricRelatedReportableSegmentsMember5935686000JPY
Revenues from external customersPrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E00690-000PaperRelatedReportableSegmentsMember4961916000JPY
Revenues from external customersPrior1YearDuration_ReportableSegmentsMember10897603000JPY
Revenues from external customersPrior1YearDuration_ReconcilingItemsMember-JPY
Revenues from external customersPrior1YearDuration10897603000JPY
Transactions with other segmentsPrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E00690-000NonWovenFabricRelatedReportableSegmentsMember-JPY
Transactions with other segmentsPrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E00690-000PaperRelatedReportableSegmentsMember-JPY
Transactions with other segmentsPrior1YearDuration_ReportableSegmentsMember-JPY
Transactions with other segmentsPrior1YearDuration_ReconcilingItemsMember-JPY
Transactions with other segmentsPrior1YearDuration-JPY
Net salesPrior1YearDuration_jpcrp030000-asr_E00690-000NonWovenFabricRelatedReportableSegmentsMember5935686000JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass rounding
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass