Annual report

Period2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31
Filed2023-06-26
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 148
MetricValuePeriodScopeSource row
Revenue¥9.6bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥10.6bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net sales
Revenue¥10.6bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥10.8bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥10.4bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥573m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Operating income
Operating income¥764m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Operating income
Ordinary income¥584m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥771m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Ordinary income
Ordinary income¥735m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥824m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥785m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Ordinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥505m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Profit before tax¥779m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Income before income taxes
Net income (owners)¥336m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥521m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent
Net income (owners)¥394m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥529m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income (owners)¥513m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary)
Net income¥336m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Net income¥521m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Profit loss
Total assets¥8.2bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥8.7bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Assets
Total assets¥9.4bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥8.7bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥7.5bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Total assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥2.6bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Total liabilities¥3.1bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Liabilities
Net assets / equity¥5.7bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥5.6bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥5.3bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets
Net assets / equity¥5.1bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥4.7bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥2.0bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥2.2bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and deposits
Cash & equivalents¥2.0bnat 2023-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥2.2bnat 2022-03-31Cons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥1.5bnat 2021-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents
Cash & equivalents¥1.9bnat 2020-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Cash & equivalents¥1.5bnat 2019-03-31dCons.Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥487m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥1.7bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities
Operating cash flow¥420m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥782m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Operating cash flow¥1.0bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥327m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥508m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in investment activities
Investing cash flow−¥474m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥119m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Investing cash flow−¥142m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥397m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥481m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities
Financing cash flow−¥359m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥303m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
Financing cash flow−¥275m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥227.192022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥352.352021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥266.092020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥357.492019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥346.422018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥3,833.81at 2023-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥3,763.33at 2022-03-31Cons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥3,593.65at 2021-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥3,453.34at 2020-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥3,196.02at 2019-03-31dCons.Net assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio68.9%at 2023-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio63.9%at 2022-03-31Cons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio56.3%at 2021-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio58.9%at 2020-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio63.2%at 2019-03-31dCons.Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE6.0%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE9.6%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31Cons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE7.6%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE10.8%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE11.3%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dCons.Rate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Employees640at 2023-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees634at 2022-03-31Cons.Number of employees
Employees620at 2021-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees619at 2020-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Employees610at 2019-03-31dCons.Number of employees
Revenue¥7.4bn2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥7.7bn2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneNet sales
Revenue¥7.5bn2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥8.2bn2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Revenue¥8.1bn2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet sales (5-year summary)
Operating income¥350m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Operating income¥484m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOperating income
Ordinary income¥481m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥564m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneOrdinary income
Ordinary income¥536m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥639m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Ordinary income¥627m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneOrdinary income loss (5-year summary)
Profit before tax¥401m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Profit before tax¥563m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneIncome before income taxes
Net income¥306m2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥407m2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneProfit loss
Net income¥284m2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥428m2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Net income¥436m2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet income loss (5-year summary)
Total assets¥6.7bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥6.8bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneAssets
Total assets¥6.4bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥6.8bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total assets¥6.2bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal assets (5-year summary)
Total liabilities¥1.7bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Total liabilities¥1.9bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneLiabilities
Net assets / equity¥5.0bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥4.9bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥4.7bnat 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets
Net assets / equity¥4.6bnat 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Net assets / equity¥4.3bnat 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets (5-year summary)
Cash and deposits¥1.4bnat 2023-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
Cash and deposits¥1.4bnat 2022-03-31StandaloneCash and deposits
EPS (basic)¥206.632022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥274.752021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥192.192020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥289.342019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
EPS (basic)¥294.552018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneBasic earnings loss per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1322022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1302021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1252020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1202019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Dividend per share¥1102018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneDividend paid per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥3,368.19at 2023-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥3,297.88at 2022-03-31StandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥3,202.76at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥3,120.82at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Net assets per share¥2,932.88at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNet assets per share (5-year summary)
Equity ratio74.6%at 2023-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio71.4%at 2022-03-31StandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio74.1%at 2021-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio67.6%at 2020-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
Equity ratio70.1%at 2019-03-31dStandaloneEquity to asset ratio (5-year summary)
ROE6.2%2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE8.5%2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31StandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE6.1%2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE9.6%2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
ROE10.3%2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31dStandaloneRate of return on equity (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,480,000at 2023-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,480,000at 2022-03-31StandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,480,000at 2021-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,480,000at 2020-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Shares issued1,480,000at 2019-03-31dStandaloneTotal number of issued shares (5-year summary)
Employees485at 2023-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees479at 2022-03-31StandaloneNumber of employees
Employees465at 2021-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees462at 2020-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees
Employees451at 2019-03-31dStandaloneNumber of employees

Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.

Segments · 60
SegmentItemPeriodValue
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥30m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥59m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥59m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31−¥1.2bn
Machine And Other Salesreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥210m
Machine And Other Salesreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.6bn
Machine And Other Salesreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.6bn
Machine And Other Salesreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥6m
Machine And Other Salesreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥111m
Software Developmentreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥19m
Software Developmentreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.5bn
Software Developmentreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.5bn
Software Developmentreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥32m
Software Developmentreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥168m
System Operation And Managementreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥162m
System Operation And Managementreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥3.6bn
System Operation And Managementreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥3.6bn
System Operation And Managementreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥14m
System Operation And Managementreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.2bn
System Salesreportable segmentdepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥78m
System Salesreportable segmentrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥3.0bn
System Salesreportable segmentrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥3.0bn
System Salesreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥7m
System Salesreportable segmentsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥313m
—segment totaldepreciation2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥468m
—segment totalemployeesat 2023-03-31567 pure
—segment totalrevenue2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥9.7bn
—segment totalrevenue external2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥9.6bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥59m
—segment totalsegment profit2022-04-01 → 2023-03-31¥1.8bn
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥33m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31−¥56m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31−¥56m
Reconciling Itemsreconcilingsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31−¥1.2bn
Machine And Other Salesreportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥192m
Machine And Other Salesreportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2.3bn
Machine And Other Salesreportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2.3bn
Machine And Other Salesreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥5m
Machine And Other Salesreportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥220m
Software Developmentreportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥31m
Software Developmentreportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2.1bn
Software Developmentreportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2.1bn
Software Developmentreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥23m
Software Developmentreportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥323m
System Operation And Managementreportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥177m
System Operation And Managementreportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥3.4bn
System Operation And Managementreportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥3.4bn
System Operation And Managementreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥8m
System Operation And Managementreportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥1.1bn
System Salesreportable segmentdepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥66m
System Salesreportable segmentrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2.9bn
System Salesreportable segmentrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2.9bn
System Salesreportable segmentrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥20m
System Salesreportable segmentsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥349m
—segment totaldepreciation2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥466m
—segment totalrevenue2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥10.7bn
—segment totalrevenue external2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥10.6bn
—segment totalrevenue intersegment2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥56m
—segment totalsegment profit2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31¥2.0bn
—segment totalemployeesat 2023-03-31422 pure

Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.

All source rows · 1,389
ItemContextValueUnit
Treasury stockPrior1YearInstant-737000JPY
Treasury stockCurrentYearInstant-802000JPY
Shareholders equityPrior1YearInstant5516181000JPY
Shareholders equityCurrentYearInstant5656222000JPY
Valuation difference on available for sale securitiesPrior1YearInstant113460000JPY
Valuation difference on available for sale securitiesCurrentYearInstant109342000JPY
Remeasurements of defined benefit plansPrior1YearInstant-61286000JPY
Remeasurements of defined benefit plansCurrentYearInstant-93004000JPY
Valuation and translation adjustmentsPrior1YearInstant52174000JPY
Valuation and translation adjustmentsCurrentYearInstant16338000JPY
Net assetsPrior1YearInstant5568356000JPY
Net assetsCurrentYearInstant5672560000JPY
Liabilities and net assetsPrior1YearInstant8710768000JPY
Liabilities and net assetsCurrentYearInstant8235537000JPY
Net salesPrior1YearDuration10643541000JPY
Net salesCurrentYearDuration9605193000JPY
Cost of salesPrior1YearDuration8024746000JPY
Cost of salesCurrentYearDuration7137950000JPY
Gross profitPrior1YearDuration2618794000JPY
Gross profitCurrentYearDuration2467243000JPY
Selling general and administrative expensesPrior1YearDuration1855150000JPY
Selling general and administrative expensesCurrentYearDuration1894052000JPY
Operating incomePrior1YearDuration763644000JPY
Operating incomeCurrentYearDuration573190000JPY
Interest income noiPrior1YearDuration29000JPY
Interest income noiCurrentYearDuration29000JPY
Dividends income noiPrior1YearDuration4995000JPY
Dividends income noiCurrentYearDuration4901000JPY
Commission fee noiPrior1YearDuration1835000JPY
Commission fee noiCurrentYearDuration1811000JPY
Insurance fee noiPrior1YearDuration1244000JPY
Insurance fee noiCurrentYearDuration1744000JPY
Subsidy income noiPrior1YearDuration2042000JPY
Subsidy income noiCurrentYearDuration5456000JPY
Other noiPrior1YearDuration2681000JPY
Other noiCurrentYearDuration2881000JPY
Non operating incomePrior1YearDuration12827000JPY
Non operating incomeCurrentYearDuration16825000JPY
Interest expenses noePrior1YearDuration3995000JPY
Interest expenses noeCurrentYearDuration3848000JPY
Commission fee noePrior1YearDuration801000JPY
Commission fee noeCurrentYearDuration795000JPY
Other noePrior1YearDuration183000JPY
Other noeCurrentYearDuration1376000JPY
Non operating expensesPrior1YearDuration4979000JPY
Non operating expensesCurrentYearDuration6020000JPY
Ordinary incomePrior1YearDuration771491000JPY
Ordinary incomeCurrentYearDuration583995000JPY
Subsidy eiPrior1YearDuration8446000JPY
Subsidy eiCurrentYearDuration-JPY

Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.

Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2022-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identityconsolidated 2023-03-31pass rounding
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
balance sheet identitynon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
dei present pass
period resolution pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2021-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · net income attributable to parentconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · operating cash flowconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenueconsolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2021-04-01/2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · revenuenon_consolidated 2022-04-01/2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsconsolidated 2023-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2022-03-31pass
statement vs summary · total assetsnon_consolidated 2023-03-31pass