Annual report
3549.TEDINET S100WJXT
Period2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20
Filed2025-08-19
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 153
| Metric | Value | Period | Scope | Source row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | ¥501.5bn | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥436.9bn | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥378.9bn | 2022-05-21 → 2023-05-20v | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥328.3bn | 2021-05-21 → 2022-05-20v | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥305.9bn | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥26.6bn | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥18.6bn | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥27.5bn | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥20.1bn | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥19.1bn | 2022-05-21 → 2023-05-20v | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥15.8bn | 2021-05-21 → 2022-05-20v | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥17.3bn | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥25.4bn | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥19.6bn | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Net income (owners) | ¥17.8bn | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥12.3bn | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥12.3bn | 2022-05-21 → 2023-05-20v | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥9.8bn | 2021-05-21 → 2022-05-20v | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥12.1bn | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥17.8bn | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥12.3bn | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Total assets | ¥352.5bn | at 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥303.5bn | at 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥274.3bn | at 2023-05-20v | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥234.2bn | at 2022-05-20v | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥195.9bn | at 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥206.7bn | at 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥186.0bn | at 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥145.8bn | at 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥117.4bn | at 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥98.5bn | at 2023-05-20v | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥86.9bn | at 2022-05-20v | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥77.7bn | at 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥47.7bn | at 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥49.1bn | at 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥47.7bn | at 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥49.0bn | at 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥42.9bn | at 2023-05-20v | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥26.3bn | at 2022-05-20v | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥15.7bn | at 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥22.2bn | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥26.9bn | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥31.2bn | 2022-05-21 → 2023-05-20v | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥20.3bn | 2021-05-21 → 2022-05-20v | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥13.8bn | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥31.1bn | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥21.1bn | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥22.3bn | 2022-05-21 → 2023-05-20v | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥27.8bn | 2021-05-21 → 2022-05-20v | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥25.5bn | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | ¥7.7bn | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | ¥344m | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | ¥7.5bn | 2022-05-21 → 2023-05-20v | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | ¥18.1bn | 2021-05-21 → 2022-05-20v | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | ¥8.1bn | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥175.42 | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥130.11 | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥130.31 | 2022-05-21 → 2023-05-20v | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥104.02 | 2021-05-21 → 2022-05-20v | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥127.52 | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥174.27 | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥126.86 | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥127.52 | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,441.69 | at 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,168.74 | at 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,041.2 | at 2023-05-20v | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥917.95 | at 2022-05-20v | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥819.99 | at 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 41.4% | at 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 36.4% | at 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 35.9% | at 2023-05-20v | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 37.1% | at 2022-05-20v | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 39.6% | at 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 13.9% | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 11.8% | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 13.3% | 2022-05-21 → 2023-05-20v | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 12.0% | 2021-05-21 → 2022-05-20v | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 16.8% | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 5,627 | at 2025-05-20 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 4,735 | at 2024-05-20 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 4,460 | at 2023-05-20v | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 4,033 | at 2022-05-20v | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 3,990 | at 2021-05-20d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Revenue | ¥22.9bn | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Operating revenue1 |
| Revenue | ¥2.5bn | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Operating revenue1 |
| Revenue | ¥1.3bn | 2022-05-21 → 2023-05-20v | Standalone | Operating revenue1 (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥3.2bn | 2021-05-21 → 2022-05-20v | Standalone | Operating revenue1 (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥3.0bn | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Standalone | Operating revenue1 (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥21.3bn | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Operating income | −¥5.3bn | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥21.3bn | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | −¥5.3bn | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥445m | 2022-05-21 → 2023-05-20v | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥2.5bn | 2021-05-21 → 2022-05-20v | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥2.5bn | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥21.1bn | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | −¥5.3bn | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Net income | ¥20.9bn | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | −¥5.5bn | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥379m | 2022-05-21 → 2023-05-20v | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥1.8bn | 2021-05-21 → 2022-05-20v | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥1.8bn | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥75.3bn | at 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥43.8bn | at 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥43.2bn | at 2023-05-20v | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥46.1bn | at 2022-05-20v | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥39.9bn | at 2021-05-20d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥7.4bn | at 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥7.1bn | at 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥67.9bn | at 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥36.7bn | at 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥36.3bn | at 2023-05-20v | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥36.8bn | at 2022-05-20v | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥35.8bn | at 2021-05-20d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥25.1bn | at 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥2.9bn | at 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| EPS (basic) | ¥206.52 | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥-57.64 | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥4.02 | 2022-05-21 → 2023-05-20v | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥18.5 | 2021-05-21 → 2022-05-20v | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥18.57 | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥205.16 | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥18.57 | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥14 | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥21.5 | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥29 | 2022-05-21 → 2023-05-20v | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥26 | 2021-05-21 → 2022-05-20v | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥23 | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥671.62 | at 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥314.96 | at 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥382.78 | at 2023-05-20v | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥387.94 | at 2022-05-20v | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥377.7 | at 2021-05-20d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 90.1% | at 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 68.0% | at 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 83.8% | at 2023-05-20v | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 79.6% | at 2022-05-20v | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 89.6% | at 2021-05-20d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 42.9% | 2024-05-21 → 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | -16.5% | 2023-05-21 → 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 1.0% | 2022-05-21 → 2023-05-20v | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 4.8% | 2021-05-21 → 2022-05-20v | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 5.0% | 2020-05-21 → 2021-05-20d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 105,097,680 | at 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 94,597,680 | at 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 31,532,560 | at 2023-05-20v | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 31,532,560 | at 2022-05-20v | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 31,532,560 | at 2021-05-20d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 59 | at 2025-05-20 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 43 | at 2024-05-20 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 42 | at 2023-05-20v | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 37 | at 2022-05-20v | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 21 | at 2021-05-20d | Standalone | Number of employees |
Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.
All source rows · 1,335
| Item | Context | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total changes of items during the period | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_TreasuryStockMember | -12741000000 | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_ShareholdersEquityMember | 38108000000 | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember_SubscriptionRightsToSharesMember | -6862000000 | JPY |
| Total changes of items during the period | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 31245000000 | JPY |
| Net assets | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_TreasuryStockMember | -12746000000 | JPY |
| Net assets | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_ShareholdersEquityMember | 67902000000 | JPY |
| Net assets | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember_SubscriptionRightsToSharesMember | － | JPY |
| Net assets | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 67902000000 | JPY |
| Directors compensations sga | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 168000000 | JPY |
| Directors compensations sga | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 190000000 | JPY |
| Seconded employees salary allowances sga | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 186000000 | JPY |
| Seconded employees salary allowances sga | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 260000000 | JPY |
| Share based compensation expenses sga | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 6810000000 | JPY |
| Share based compensation expenses sga | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 392000000 | JPY |
| Administrative expenses sga | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 372000000 | JPY |
| Administrative expenses sga | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 416000000 | JPY |
| Provision for directors retirement benefits sga | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 16000000 | JPY |
| Provision for directors retirement benefits sga | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 14000000 | JPY |
| Provision for bonuses sga | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 46000000 | JPY |
| Provision for bonuses sga | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 64000000 | JPY |
| Document title cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)有価証券報告書 | |
| Clause of stipulation cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)金融商品取引法第24条第１項 | |
| Place of filing cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)関東財務局長 | |
| Filing date cover page | FilingDateInstant | 2025-08-19 | |
| Fiscal year cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)第27期（自 2024年５月21日 至 2025年５月20日） | |
| Company name cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)株式会社クスリのアオキホールディングス | |
| Company name in english cover page | FilingDateInstant | KUSURI NO AOKI HOLDINGS CO., LTD. | |
| Title and name of representative cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)代表取締役社長 青木 宏憲 | |
| Address of registered headquarter cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)石川県白山市松本町2512番地 | |
| Telephone number address of registered headquarter cover page | FilingDateInstant | ０７６－２７４－６１１５ | |
| Name of contact person address of registered headquarter cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)取締役管理部門担当 八幡 亮一 | |
| Nearest place of contact cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)石川県白山市松本町2512番地 | |
| Telephone number nearest place of contact cover page | FilingDateInstant | ０７６－２７４－６１１５ | |
| Name of contact person nearest place of contact cover page | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)取締役管理部門担当 八幡 亮一 | |
| Place for public inspection cover page (text) | FilingDateInstant | Text · Plus | |
| Edinet code | FilingDateInstant | E10737 | |
| Fund code | FilingDateInstant | － | |
| Security code | FilingDateInstant | 35490 | |
| Filer name in japanese | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)株式会社クスリのアオキホールディングス | |
| Filer name in english | FilingDateInstant | KUSURI NO AOKI HOLDINGS CO., LTD. | |
| Fund name in japanese | FilingDateInstant | － | |
| Fund name in english | FilingDateInstant | － | |
| Cabinet office ordinance | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)企業内容等の開示に関する内閣府令 | |
| Document type | FilingDateInstant | Original text (Japanese)第三号様式 | |
| Accounting standards | FilingDateInstant | Japan GAAP | |
| Whether consolidated financial statements are prepared | FilingDateInstant | true | |
| Industry code when consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with industry specific regulations | FilingDateInstant | CTE | |
| Industry code when financial statements are prepared in accordance with industry specific regulations | FilingDateInstant | CTE | |
| Current fiscal year start date | FilingDateInstant | 2024-05-21 | |
| Current period end date | FilingDateInstant | 2025-05-20 |
Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.
Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| dei present | pass |
| period resolution | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |