Annual report
2579.TEDINET S100T5HG
Period2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31
Filed2024-03-27
StandardIFRS
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks17 of 17 passed
Key figures · 143
| Metric | Value | Period | Scope | Source row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | ¥868.6bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Revenue IFRS |
| Revenue | ¥807.4bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Revenue IFRS |
| Revenue | ¥785.8bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Revenue IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥792.0bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Revenue IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥890.0bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Revenue IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥3.4bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Operating profit loss IFRS |
| Operating income | −¥11.5bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Operating profit loss IFRS |
| Profit before tax | ¥3.2bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss before tax IFRS |
| Profit before tax | −¥12.5bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss before tax IFRS |
| Profit before tax | −¥21.7bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss before tax IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | −¥12.1bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss before tax IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | −¥58.9bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss before tax IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥1.9bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | −¥8.1bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | −¥2.5bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | −¥4.7bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | −¥58.0bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥1.9bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss IFRS |
| Net income | −¥8.1bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Profit loss IFRS |
| Total assets | ¥844.8bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Assets IFRS |
| Total assets | ¥826.7bn | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Assets IFRS |
| Total assets | ¥867.1bn | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥939.6bn | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥952.4bn | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Total assets IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥374.8bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Liabilities IFRS |
| Total liabilities | ¥350.4bn | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Liabilities IFRS |
| Net assets / equity | ¥470.0bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Equity IFRS |
| Net assets / equity | ¥476.4bn | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Equity IFRS |
| Net assets / equity | ¥492.5bn | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Equity IFRS |
| Equity (owners) | ¥469.8bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS |
| Equity (owners) | ¥476.2bn | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS |
| Equity (owners) | ¥492.3bn | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Equity (owners) | ¥501.6bn | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Equity (owners) | ¥506.0bn | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Equity attributable to owners of parent IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥113.7bn | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents IFRS |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥84.1bn | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents IFRS |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥110.5bn | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥126.4bn | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥113.8bn | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥59.1bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities IFRS |
| Operating cash flow | ¥42.7bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities IFRS |
| Operating cash flow | ¥36.0bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Cash flows from used in operating activities IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥43.7bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Cash flows from used in operating activities IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥42.6bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Cash flows from used in operating activities IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥14.3bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities IFRS |
| Investing cash flow | −¥23.1bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities IFRS |
| Investing cash flow | ¥15.3bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Cash flows from used in investing activities IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥52.1bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Cash flows from used in investing activities IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥68.3bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Cash flows from used in investing activities IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥15.2bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities IFRS |
| Financing cash flow | −¥46.0bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities IFRS |
| Financing cash flow | −¥67.1bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Cash flows from used in financing activities IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | ¥20.9bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Cash flows from used in financing activities IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | ¥74.0bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Cash flows from used in financing activities IFRS (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥10.43 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share IFRS |
| EPS (basic) | ¥-45 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share IFRS |
| EPS (basic) | ¥-13.96 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥-26.29 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥-322.22 | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share IFRS (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥10.36 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Diluted earnings loss per share IFRS |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,618.49 | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,655.38 | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,745.12 | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,797.03 | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥2,821.27 | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 55.6% | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 57.6% | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 56.8% | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 53.4% | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 53.1% | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Ratio of owners equity to gross assets IFRS (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 0.4% | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary) |
| ROE | -1.7% | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary) |
| ROE | -0.5% | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary) |
| ROE | -0.9% | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary) |
| ROE | -10.7% | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity IFRS (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 14,010 | at 2023-12-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 14,484 | at 2022-12-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 15,083 | at 2021-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 16,274 | at 2020-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 16,959 | at 2019-12-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Revenue | ¥6.1bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Operating revenue1 |
| Revenue | ¥5.6bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Operating revenue1 |
| Operating income | ¥1.5bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥1.9bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥1.3bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥1.9bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥1.2bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥14.3bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥20.3bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥2.3bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥2.5bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Net income | ¥1.3bn | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥1.6bn | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥18.4bn | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥15.7bn | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥20.7bn | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥498.4bn | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥502.9bn | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥543.4bn | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥587.3bn | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥549.7bn | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥161.5bn | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥158.5bn | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥336.8bn | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥344.4bn | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥351.8bn | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥342.4bn | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥331.1bn | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥7.0bn | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥6.3bn | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| EPS (basic) | ¥7.52 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥8.71 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥102.57 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥87.77 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥115.11 | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥7.47 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥8.68 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥102.33 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥50 | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥50 | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥50 | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥25 | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥50 | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,877.26 | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,920.38 | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,961.66 | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,909.09 | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,846.32 | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 67.6% | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 68.5% | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 64.7% | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 58.3% | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 60.2% | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 0.4% | 2023-01-01 → 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 0.4% | 2022-01-01 → 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 5.3% | 2021-01-01 → 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 4.7% | 2020-01-01 → 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 6.2% | 2019-01-01 → 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 206,269,000 | at 2023-12-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 206,269,000 | at 2022-12-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 206,269,000 | at 2021-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 206,269,000 | at 2020-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 206,269,000 | at 2019-12-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.
Segments · 1
| Segment | Item | Period | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beverage Business Segmentreportable segment | employees | at 2023-12-31 | 14010 pure |
Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.
All source rows · 1,813
| Item | Context | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cash flows from used in financing activities IFRS (5-year summary) | Prior1YearDuration | -46050000000 | JPY |
| Cash flows from used in financing activities IFRS (5-year summary) | CurrentYearDuration | -15229000000 | JPY |
| Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary) | Prior4YearInstant | 113825000000 | JPY |
| Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary) | Prior3YearInstant | 126378000000 | JPY |
| Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary) | Prior2YearInstant | 110497000000 | JPY |
| Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary) | Prior1YearInstant | 84074000000 | JPY |
| Cash and cash equivalents IFRS (5-year summary) | CurrentYearInstant | 113660000000 | JPY |
| Number of employees | Prior4YearInstant | 16959 | |
| Number of employees | Prior3YearInstant | 16274 | |
| Number of employees | Prior2YearInstant | 15083 | |
| Number of employees | Prior1YearInstant | 14484 | |
| Number of employees | CurrentYearInstant | 14010 | |
| Average number of temporary workers | Prior4YearInstant | 3578 | |
| Average number of temporary workers | Prior3YearInstant | 4008 | |
| Average number of temporary workers | Prior2YearInstant | 3777 | |
| Average number of temporary workers | Prior1YearInstant | 3416 | |
| Average number of temporary workers | CurrentYearInstant | 3163 | |
| Net revenue and operating revenue (5-year summary) | Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 26517000000 | JPY |
| Net revenue and operating revenue (5-year summary) | Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 19202000000 | JPY |
| Net revenue and operating revenue (5-year summary) | Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 5797000000 | JPY |
| Net revenue and operating revenue (5-year summary) | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 5640000000 | JPY |
| Net revenue and operating revenue (5-year summary) | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 6052000000 | JPY |
| Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) | Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 20273000000 | JPY |
| Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) | Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 14345000000 | JPY |
| Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) | Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 1201000000 | JPY |
| Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 1869000000 | JPY |
| Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 1301000000 | JPY |
| Net income loss (5-year summary) | Prior4YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 20702000000 | JPY |
| Net income loss (5-year summary) | Prior3YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 15742000000 | JPY |
| Net income loss (5-year summary) | Prior2YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 18395000000 | JPY |
| Net income loss (5-year summary) | Prior1YearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 1562000000 | JPY |
| Net income loss (5-year summary) | CurrentYearDuration_NonConsolidatedMember | 1349000000 | JPY |
| Capital stock (5-year summary) | Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 15232000000 | JPY |
| Capital stock (5-year summary) | Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 15232000000 | JPY |
| Capital stock (5-year summary) | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 15232000000 | JPY |
| Capital stock (5-year summary) | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 15232000000 | JPY |
| Capital stock (5-year summary) | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 15232000000 | JPY |
| Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) | Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 206269000 | |
| Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) | Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 206269000 | |
| Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 206269000 | |
| Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 206269000 | |
| Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 206269000 | |
| Net assets (5-year summary) | Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 331139000000 | JPY |
| Net assets (5-year summary) | Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 342391000000 | JPY |
| Net assets (5-year summary) | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 351812000000 | JPY |
| Net assets (5-year summary) | Prior1YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 344402000000 | JPY |
| Net assets (5-year summary) | CurrentYearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 336844000000 | JPY |
| Total assets (5-year summary) | Prior4YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 549683000000 | JPY |
| Total assets (5-year summary) | Prior3YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 587306000000 | JPY |
| Total assets (5-year summary) | Prior2YearInstant_NonConsolidatedMember | 543410000000 | JPY |
Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.
Data checks · 17 of 17 passed
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| balance sheet identity | pass rounding |
| dei present | pass |
| period resolution | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |