Annual report
2229.TEDINET S100OCEU
Period2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31
Filed2022-06-23
StandardJapan GAAP
ConsolidatedYes
Data checks24 of 24 passed
Key figures · 154
| Metric | Value | Period | Scope | Source row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | ¥245.4bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥266.7bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥255.9bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥248.7bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥251.6bn | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥25.1bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥27.1bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥26.9bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥27.5bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥27.4bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥27.4bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥26.2bn | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥26.7bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥26.4bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Income before income taxes |
| Net income (owners) | ¥18.1bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥17.7bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent |
| Net income (owners) | ¥17.5bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥19.4bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income (owners) | ¥17.3bn | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Profit loss attributable to owners of parent (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥18.3bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥18.1bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Profit loss |
| Total assets | ¥236.6bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥239.0bn | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥215.0bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥202.8bn | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥192.0bn | at 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥53.1bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥56.2bn | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥183.5bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥182.7bn | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥169.6bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥160.5bn | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥146.7bn | at 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥35.0bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥34.6bn | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and deposits |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥49.7bn | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥47.3bn | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥55.7bn | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥35.4bn | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Cash & equivalents | ¥42.2bn | at 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Cash and cash equivalents (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥22.3bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥30.4bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities |
| Operating cash flow | ¥40.4bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥27.6bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Operating cash flow | ¥9.4bn | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in operating activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | ¥3.6bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥32.1bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investment activities |
| Investing cash flow | −¥13.5bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥28.3bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Investing cash flow | −¥6.3bn | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in investing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥25.2bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥7.6bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities |
| Financing cash flow | −¥6.3bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥6.2bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| Financing cash flow | −¥5.5bn | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Net cash provided by used in financing activities (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥136.25 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥132.3 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥131.22 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥145.39 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥129.72 | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥131.21 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥145.34 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥129.61 | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,358.25 | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,312.24 | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,221.19 | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,151.71 | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,043.37 | at 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 74.1% | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 73.4% | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 75.9% | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 75.9% | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 72.6% | at 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 10.3% | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 10.4% | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 11.1% | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 13.2% | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 13.0% | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 4,398 | at 2022-03-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 4,311 | at 2021-03-31 | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 4,053 | at 2020-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 3,763 | at 2019-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Employees | 3,798 | at 2018-03-31d | Cons. | Number of employees |
| Revenue | ¥171.9bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥195.8bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Net sales |
| Revenue | ¥197.7bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥194.1bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Revenue | ¥187.1bn | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Net sales (5-year summary) |
| Operating income | ¥21.5bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Operating income | ¥23.4bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Operating income |
| Ordinary income | ¥23.7bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥24.1bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Ordinary income |
| Ordinary income | ¥24.4bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥25.8bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Ordinary income | ¥26.0bn | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Ordinary income loss (5-year summary) |
| Profit before tax | ¥27.2bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Profit before tax | ¥23.6bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Income before income taxes |
| Net income | ¥20.6bn | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥16.6bn | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Profit loss |
| Net income | ¥16.2bn | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥15.8bn | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Net income | ¥17.8bn | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Net income loss (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥208.5bn | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥211.3bn | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Assets |
| Total assets | ¥199.0bn | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥186.5bn | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total assets | ¥175.2bn | at 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Total assets (5-year summary) |
| Total liabilities | ¥41.8bn | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Total liabilities | ¥46.1bn | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Liabilities |
| Net assets / equity | ¥166.7bn | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥165.2bn | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥155.2bn | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets |
| Net assets / equity | ¥145.7bn | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Net assets / equity | ¥135.6bn | at 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets (5-year summary) |
| Cash and deposits | ¥19.5bn | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| Cash and deposits | ¥21.4bn | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Cash and deposits |
| EPS (basic) | ¥155.75 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥124.51 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥121.28 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥118.42 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (basic) | ¥132.86 | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Basic earnings loss per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥121.27 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥118.38 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| EPS (diluted) | ¥132.75 | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Diluted earnings per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥52 | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥50 | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥50 | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥48 | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Dividend per share | ¥42 | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Dividend paid per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,291.25 | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,236.06 | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,160.91 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,090.05 | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Net assets per share | ¥1,014.97 | at 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Net assets per share (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 80.0% | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 78.2% | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 78.0% | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 78.1% | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| Equity ratio | 77.4% | at 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Equity to asset ratio (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 12.4% | 2021-04-01 → 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 10.4% | 2020-04-01 → 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 10.8% | 2019-04-01 → 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 11.3% | 2018-04-01 → 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| ROE | 13.7% | 2017-04-01 → 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Rate of return on equity (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 133,929,800 | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 133,929,800 | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 133,929,800 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 133,921,800 | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Shares issued | 133,875,800 | at 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Total number of issued shares (5-year summary) |
| Employees | 1,883 | at 2022-03-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,841 | at 2021-03-31 | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,765 | at 2020-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,735 | at 2019-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
| Employees | 1,737 | at 2018-03-31d | Standalone | Number of employees |
Periods use the dates stated in the filing. d = earlier-year period dated by calendar; v = that date confirmed by the company's own earlier filing.
Segments · 3
| Segment | Item | Period | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Segments Not Included In Reportable Segments And Other Revenue Generating Business Activitiesother segments | employees | at 2022-03-31 | 84 pure |
| Production And Sale Of Snacks And Other Foodsreportable segment | employees | at 2022-03-31 | 3876 pure |
| Production And Sale Of Snacks And Other Foodsreportable segment | employees | at 2022-03-31 | 1445 pure |
Segment names come from EDINET member IDs; not yet mapped to a common taxonomy.
All source rows · 1,781
| Item | Context | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dividends paid to non controlling interests fin cf | Prior1YearDuration | -12000000 | JPY |
| Dividends paid to non controlling interests fin cf | CurrentYearDuration | -222000000 | JPY |
| Repayments of lease obligations fin cf | Prior1YearDuration | -87000000 | JPY |
| Repayments of lease obligations fin cf | CurrentYearDuration | -67000000 | JPY |
| Payments from changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in change in scope of consolidation fin cf | Prior1YearDuration | - | JPY |
| Payments from changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in change in scope of consolidation fin cf | CurrentYearDuration | -1882000000 | JPY |
| Net cash provided by used in financing activities | Prior1YearDuration | -7635000000 | JPY |
| Net cash provided by used in financing activities | CurrentYearDuration | -25168000000 | JPY |
| Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents | Prior1YearDuration | 793000000 | JPY |
| Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents | CurrentYearDuration | 1585000000 | JPY |
| Net increase decrease in cash and cash equivalents | Prior1YearDuration | -8460000000 | JPY |
| Net increase decrease in cash and cash equivalents | CurrentYearDuration | 2388000000 | JPY |
| Cash and cash equivalents | Prior2YearInstant | 55742000000 | JPY |
| Cash and cash equivalents | Prior1YearInstant | 47282000000 | JPY |
| Cash and cash equivalents | Prior1YearInstant | 47282000000 | JPY |
| Cash and cash equivalents | CurrentYearInstant | 49670000000 | JPY |
| Number of consolidated subsidiaries | CurrentYearInstant | 23 | |
| Number of unconsolidated subsidiaries and associates accounted for using equity method | CurrentYearInstant | 1 | |
| Merchandise and finished goods | Prior1YearInstant | 6058000000 | JPY |
| Merchandise and finished goods | CurrentYearInstant | 7542000000 | JPY |
| Work in process | Prior1YearInstant | 1235000000 | JPY |
| Work in process | CurrentYearInstant | 1400000000 | JPY |
| Raw materials and supplies | Prior1YearInstant | 7401000000 | JPY |
| Raw materials and supplies | CurrentYearInstant | 9058000000 | JPY |
| Write downs of inventories | Prior1YearDuration | -62000000 | JPY |
| Write downs of inventories | CurrentYearDuration | -3000000 | JPY |
| Promotion expenses sga | Prior1YearDuration | 35740000000 | JPY |
| Promotion expenses sga | CurrentYearDuration | 2728000000 | JPY |
| Advertising expenses sga | Prior1YearDuration | 4100000000 | JPY |
| Advertising expenses sga | CurrentYearDuration | 3784000000 | JPY |
| Freightage expenses sga | Prior1YearDuration | 14768000000 | JPY |
| Freightage expenses sga | CurrentYearDuration | 15268000000 | JPY |
| Payrolls sga | Prior1YearDuration | 12064000000 | JPY |
| Payrolls sga | CurrentYearDuration | 12754000000 | JPY |
| Provision for directors retirement benefits sga | Prior1YearDuration | 27000000 | JPY |
| Provision for directors retirement benefits sga | CurrentYearDuration | 31000000 | JPY |
| Provision for bonuses sga | Prior1YearDuration | 3347000000 | JPY |
| Provision for bonuses sga | CurrentYearDuration | 3025000000 | JPY |
| Provision for directors bonuses sga | Prior1YearDuration | 116000000 | JPY |
| Provision for directors bonuses sga | CurrentYearDuration | 93000000 | JPY |
| Provision for share based remuneration sga | Prior1YearDuration | 83000000 | JPY |
| Provision for share based remuneration sga | CurrentYearDuration | 44000000 | JPY |
| Provision for share based remuneration for directors and other officers sga | Prior1YearDuration | 92000000 | JPY |
| Provision for share based remuneration for directors and other officers sga | CurrentYearDuration | 58000000 | JPY |
| Retirement benefit expenses sga | Prior1YearDuration | 566000000 | JPY |
| Retirement benefit expenses sga | CurrentYearDuration | 521000000 | JPY |
| Provision of allowance for doubtful accounts sga | Prior1YearDuration | - | JPY |
| Provision of allowance for doubtful accounts sga | CurrentYearDuration | 25000000 | JPY |
| Research and development expenses general and administrative expenses | Prior1YearDuration | 2692000000 | JPY |
| Research and development expenses general and administrative expenses | CurrentYearDuration | 3305000000 | JPY |
Every row of the EDINET CSV. Item names are the XBRL element names; filed text is kept in its original Japanese. Filed text is available on Plus and Pro.
Data checks · 24 of 24 passed
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| balance sheet identity | pass |
| dei present | pass |
| period resolution | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · net income attributable to parent | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · operating cash flow | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · revenue | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |
| statement vs summary · total assets | pass |